Gender Inequality And Gender Equality - 950 Words

Introduction Equality is a major topic of discussion amongst academics and the wider population as a whole. Different groups have been fighting for equal rights in many different ways in many different organisations, with varying success for the last century and beyond. In a business/managerial sense, there is much debate about the gaps between certain social groups regarding the roles in which they occupy within an organisation, with a considerable amount of literature focussing on the space between men and women, namely the gender pay gap and ‘the glass ceiling’. This literature review will identify and discuss influential points of views of those that are leaders in the topic area of gender equality in the work place with a view of finding common themes and how the debate has moved on in recent years. The review will then look to critically analyse the research of these specific areas in order to find possible gaps in the research. Theme 1-Occupational segregation Blackwell states that 8% of the overall gender wage gap can be accounted for through occupational segregation by sex (Blackwell, 2001). Occupational segregation is an important theory to take into consideration when writing about the gap between men and women’s pay. It is possible to separate occupational segregation into two different fields of thought, these are horizontal and vertical. Horizontal segregation is the extent to which males and females choose to pursue different careers. An example would be theShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Gender Equality1685 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.† According to united nations population fund â€Å"gender equality is a human right. Men and Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear. Gender equality is also a precondition for advancing development and reducing poverty: Empowered women contr ibute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities, and they improve prospects for the next generation†Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality921 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the dictionary, the definition of gender equality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is unaffected by gender. Gender inequality is happening, where women have less control over resources, less power than males, and fewer opportunities across social, economic, and political life. Gender inequality is happening because of women’s physical difference in education, work pay and job opportunities, family and culture, religion, and government. This is due to the stereotypicalRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent shades of green, with copious amounts of peace and tranquility. Gender equality, however, is something that seems to be left out of the typical picture of the ‘perfect society’. It is ironic that in the nation where ‘all men are creat ed equal’, there are so many restricting gender roles woven intricately into society, and from those restrictions come discriminations based solely on the gender of another human being. Gender roles have been suffocating seven billion people since the beginningsRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality1255 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You can’t do that because youre a girl†. When I was younger gender inequality would start with these certain statements that corrupted ladies and brought down their confidence into supposing they couldnt do certain things, since it was seen as a mens activity or wasnt sufficiently ladylike. Now that this is a worldwide issue our a nation has decided to pass a law were women and men are treated fairly in having equal opportunities, responsibilities and are equal regardless of their sex. ThisRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1367 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Gender has and continues to be a contentious issue within the legal profession. Despite Anti-Discrimination legislation and diversification of the supply side, women still account for only one-fifth of Partner positions. So whilst the glass ceiling may have been shattered to an extent, the â€Å"pipeline to power remains elusive for most women†. Engagement with gender can assist in explaining this paradox. When coupled with consideration of other social classifications such as race andRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pages Gender inequality Women are one-half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially constructedRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesabout gender equality. It isn t a reality yet. Today, women make up half of the U.S. workforce, but the average working woman earns only seventy-seven percent of what the average working man makes. But unless women and men both say this is unacceptable, things will not change† stated Grammy Award winner, Beyoncà © (Knowles-Carter 34). Although in the twenty-first century, women are still fighting for equality to simply b e paid the same amount as men. The main causes of this gender inequality includeRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1387 Words   |  6 PagesStudies made me understand gender as a social construct used to differentiate between the sexes. Even how gender-roles played a role in women’s absence in education and the workforce, this systematic exclusion still takes place in Iran and highlights the privilege some men have over women. Even a nation as rich and powerful as the United States, equal opportunities for women are still lacking, most notably, the wage gap inequality. AAUW’s article The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap, states that

Analysis Of The Graphic Novel Persepolis - 1246 Words

In the graphic novel Persepolis, author Marjane Satrapi shares her first-hand account of the herself as a young girl growing up in a war zone. The Islamic Revolution molded Satrapi’s identity of how life should be--the righteous path of Islam. Children were taught the morals and ethics of society through adults who looked to guide them down a strict, religious path. Furthermore, the education system and government were against any form of self-expression in children, even if they didn’t know any better at such a young age. In the graphic novel Satrapi demonstrates the effects of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and how the implementations obstructed personal growth of identity in young children. The education system in Iran only allowed†¦show more content†¦Moving on, Marjane Satrapi shares how school children were very violent towards one another picking up the ideals of the revolution that they had seen and heard from their parents and adult figures. As children were learning about the war from their parents and school teacher’s they picked up on brutal tactics and began attacking one another. While playing in the streets one day, Marji and her two friends came to the conclusion that their classmate Ramin’s dad was in the Savak (a secret police group of the Shah’s regime) and killed millions of innocent people. Rather than truly knowing if what Ramen’s dad did was true, Marji proclaimed to her friends that they must attack Ramin with â€Å"nails between [their] fingers like American brass knuckles and [attack him]† (45). The school children believed that what Ramin’s dad allegedly did was cruel and unjust in the society ar ound them, it was therefore also Ramin’s fault because he was a product of his father. Later on, days pass and Marji continues to pick up ideals when her mother invites two liberated political prisoners to their home. The men told the stories of their experience being tortured to confess what they did not know about the revolution. Marji took these stories she had heard the next day and in the street with her friends she decided they would play a torture game. The panels go on to describeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Graphic Novel Persepolis1423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nine years following the Iranian Revolution, the Iranian government executed over 30,000 people as a result of their values conflicting with the conservative Islamic ideals of the new regime (McTighe). The graphic novel Persepolis explores this change in government and the conflict-ridden road leading to it through the story of a young girl named Marjane and her family. It explores how the family’ s Communist attitudes cause them to be willing to risk their lives speaking out for a change,Read MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapis Graphic Novel Persepolis823 Words   |  4 Pages Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis, illustrates her own experience of the Iranian world through revolutions and corrupt dictatorship. Throughout her life, Marji is faced with numerous hardships that challenge her life from a young age. From struggling to adapt into diverging cultures to standing up for her identity, Marji’s conflicts force her to choose between family and herself. Unlike the people from her homeland, Marji has many opportunities to explore her liberty, however, she hasRead MoreWealthy Family1007 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Graphic Novel Persepolis Persepolis is a graphic memoir which portraits Marjane Satrapi’s live when she was young and the lively recent history of Iran. Satrapi mentions the historic evolution, sexism and revolution of the citizen which happen in her childhood. She only used black and white in her graphics, which makes the memoir doleful, even there are graphics that appear happiness, it is being sarcastic or eventually turns out to tragedy. For instance, people are satisfied whenRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Persepolis Story1487 Words   |  6 PagesMarjane Satrapi’s Persepolis tells the story of her life as a young girl in Iran during the Islamic Revolution. Satrapi’s story is told through an autobiographical graphic novel which is revolutionary because such stories are often told through more common mediums such as Television interviews and text based novels; this difference helps to set Persepolis apart from other works about revolutionary Iran. The Persian people have been largely d ehumanized by mass media in a post September 11th societyRead MorePersepolis : The Invisible Art Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis In graphic memoir Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi illustrates the eventful life of Marji, an Iranian girl’s living most of her life in Tehran, Iran during the Islamic Revolution. The author commences her story as child and creates a timeline of series of events as she enters adulthood. Marji, represents many disenfranchise women, as she faces discrimination, exile, and confusion in her own country. Uniquely, Starapi’s work can be a justification to prove Scott McCloud’s design theories inRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi2268 Words   |  10 Pages Review of Literature While I will pull from other sources, the main focus of this paper will be The Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi. Throughout this graphic novel, Satrapi tells her life story and what it was like growing up in Iran. In the opening illustrations, she describes her childhood and her transition from a secular school to one that was religious and separated by gender. At this time it had become law for a woman to wear the veil, or head scarf when in public. Iran transitionedRead MoreThe Danger and Negativity of Misconceptions855 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread. After performing a subject analysis on A Lesson Before Dying, Persepolis, and â€Å"Exploring the Negative Consequences of Stereotyping†; I conclude that when an individual person or party is subjected to a misconception, they will react negatively. Stereotypes are one form of misconceptions. A stereotype is an â€Å"unfair belief that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same† (Merriam-Webster). In Ernest J. Gaines’ novel A Lesson Before Dying, racial stereotypesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Complete Persepolis 2283 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Benjamin Cardozo, an American jurist, said â€Å"Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every other form of freedom.† In The Complete Persepolis, it is clearly seen that when a standard is set for women’s attire, restrictions of other freedoms come along with it. Throughout the book, the author, Marjane Satrapi, recounts her life in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the difficulties she encountered. She struggled with restricted freedomsRead MoreChange in Marji: Persepolis1311 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Character Analysis of Marji in Persepolis Audience: Teacher Purpose: To Persuade You Are Who You Are Dean Acheson once gave the timeless advice of â€Å"always remember that the future comes one day at a time†. This quote highlights how truly important each and every day is and the significance of the time you use or waste. The way that you choose to use that time, the decisions you make, and the things that surround you change who you are and greatly affect your future. These are all aspectsRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1666 Words   |  7 Pagesor false memories, and can result in of misconceptions of reality. This paper looks at two live-action films: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) and The Big Fish (2003) and two animated feature length films: Waltz of Bashir (2008) and Persepolis (2007) and one short animated film: Tale of Tales (1979). The purpose is to analyze how memory is represented in film and animation and examining how imagination does not distort the memory through animation but embellish it. To begin, Eternal Sunshine

Developing and Using Emotional Intelligence

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping and Using Emotional Intelligence. Answer: Introduction People have different needs, wants, personalities and experience various problems in life. This fact translates to the idea that everybody has his or her way of expressing emotions. Becoming successful in life, therefore, requires the skill of managing emotions and solving problems. Critical in this is emotional intelligence: the ability to identify and manage ones emotions and that of others. It also involves harnessing emotions during problem-solving and when developing interpersonal relationships with other people either at the workplace or home. Individuals who have the ability to control or manage their emotions are more likely than others, to build healthy relationships with other people. Also, they are likely to address or look at problems calmly as they do not get angry easily. Developing and using emotional intelligence is important not only in our personal lives and at home but also in the workplace. It is especially important when managing stress at the workplace, building working relationships with co-workers and when communicating with a workforce containing workers having different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The following paper aims to demonstrate the use of emotional intelligence in the workplace when communicating to a diverse workforce and when managing stress and building workplace relationships. Communicating with Cultural Diverse Workforce With the growth of ethnic diversity, most organizations in the United States and elsewhere across the world are hiring workers with different cultural beliefs, values, and perception. Realizing that embracing cultural diversity at the workplace has a significant influence on performance, productivity, and reputation of the company, most organization managers seek to have a diverse workforce. This includes a balance of, amongst others, gender, language, capabilities cultural values and beliefs. As earlier mentioned, everybody has a unique of expressing emotions towards other people. For this reason, it is important for business managers to display emotional intelligence in their practice as leaders (Kite Kay, 2012).They should understand that all workers have unique values, preferences, and needs. Employees, on the other hand, should use their emotional intelligence when communicating with co-workers, putting into consideration cultural and language differences (Farr Tippins, 2013). It is important to note that leaders often experience emotions that significantly influence their ability to lead the employees in the workplace, especially if the workforce is culturally diverse (Farr Tippins, 2013). In this case, they may have emotions that promote or undermine their ability to lead. It is also worth noting that emotions are expressed in different cultures, differently. In a larger picture, the difference relates to how an individual interprets the emotions as they are expressed by other people from different cultures. Take, for instance, two workers working at the same workplace where one employee is a Taiwan national and another is an American national. How the Taiwan worker experiences his or her emotions influences how the other worker interprets the emotions or feelings displayed by that worker. The Taiwan workers emotions can be interpreted through his or her body language or facial expressions. Another example that shows how emotions are displayed in other cultures is when, for example, an employee is working in a firm located in a foreign country. In this case, such an employee would express feelings that would influence how another worker from that country interprets the emotions. Another way in which emotions are expressed in different cultures at the workplace is through beliefs and values. For example, workers from the Muslim faith may display emotions or feelings in response to organizational policies that perhaps, hinder them from exercising their cultural practices linked to their religion. Some organization managers, in this case, would misinterpret such workers emotions, assuming that they the types of workers who only want to ignore the policies of the company. Having this perception negatively affects the way the managers interact with all workers from the Muslim faith. As part of leadership, it is important for leaders to acquire emotional intelligence at the workplace if they are to positively influence the performance of the workers (Gleeson Crace, 2014). More specifically, they should have the ability to communicate with a culturally diverse workforce. It is true that managers lacking in emotional intelligence are less likely to gauge the expectations and needs of the employees. Also, managers who react without filtering their emotions and feelings are more likely create mistrust among the employees, thus jeopardizing working relationships (Gleeson Crace, 2014). Employees who also react erroneously out of emotions are likely to have negative attitudes, feelings, and perceptions towards the company. This is a situation that may compel them to quit their job. To effectively communicate with a diverse workforce, managers ought to develop emotional intelligence and understand how to use it in their leadership (Davenport). Building Working Relationships In relationship management, an employee should understand his or her emotions together with those of other workers to build and maintain strong working relationships (Chang, 2015). Relationship management involves not only ability to understand the emotions of others (Exforsys, 2010; Chang, 2015) but also incorporates the ability to lead, persuade and communicate with other without isolating any worker. This is an important aspect that would assist an employee to inspire and help other to realize their potential at the workplace (Exforsys, 2010). Incorporating emotional intelligence at the place of work relates to the functionality of people and relationships. Relationships, in this case, may involve relationships between the top management team (directors) and between the staff. Working relationships also involves the relationship between an organization and its suppliers, networking contacts, customers and other key stakeholders that have a significant influence or contribution in the business (Dwyer, 2012).Therefore, both managers and employees can use their emotional intelligence to develop working relationships through many ways like managing conflicts at the workplace (Cherniss Goleman, 2001).Conflicts at the workplace may arise, for example, due to harsh treatment by some senior leaders or implementation of policies that favor a small group of the workers. As a leader with emotional intelligence, the organization manager should not react out of emotions, but rather intervene by first identifying the views and percepti on of all the employees regarding the newly implemented policies. Secondly, the manager should allow the employees to give their opinions on what is best for the company. By doing this, the manager can internalize the feelings and thoughts of the workers, and the give the final decision without oppressing any employee. What matters most, in this case, is partnership, teamwork, leadership and management skills.Founded on an outstanding practice, emotionally intelligent leaders excel in improving the performance of the workers and that of the organization as a whole. Emotionally intelligent firms have a workforce that is motivated, efficient, confident, happy and committed to duties (Dwyer, 2012). In conclusion, emotional intelligence is an aspect that influences human interaction at home and the workplace. It focuses on how we access other people and how we build relationships with them. From the paper, it is clear that emotional intelligence is important in the workplace as it enables organization managers to communicate with a diverse workforce without alienating any worker. Other than helping in building workplace relationships, emotional intelligence also helps in improving the performance and productivity of the business. Businesses whose workers are emotionally intelligent work efficiently, effectively and with great confidence and motivation. I, therefore, believe that emotional intelligence is vital in organizational leadership. For this reasons, organization should include emotional intelligence as a deciding factor when selecting new personnel to head the various departments in the company. References Chang, A Ee, J. (2015). Preparing Youths for the Workplace. World Scientific. Cherniss, C., Goleman, D. (2001). The emotionally intelligent workplace: How to select for measure, and improve emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Davenport, B. (n.d.). 5 Ways To Boost Emotional Intelligence In The Workplace. Retrieved from https://liveboldandbloom.com/02/self-awareness-2/emotional-intelligence-workplace Dwyer, J. (2012). Communication for Business and the Professions: Strategie s and Skills. Exforsys. (2010, March 21). Using Emotional Intelligence to Build Relationships. Retrieved from https://www.exforsys.com/career-center/relationship-management/emotional- intelligence-build-relationships.html Farr, J. L., Tippins, N. T. (2013). Handbook of Employee Selection. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gleeson, B., Crace, D. (2014, November 29). The Use of Emotional Intelligence For Effective Leadership. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/brentgleeson/2014/12/29/the- use-of-emotional-intelligence-for-effective-leadership/#10b1c4765618 Kite, N., Kay, F. (2012). Understanding emotional intelligence: Strategies for boosting your EQ and using it in the workplace. London: Kogan Page.

KTG Strategic Leadership

Introduction Strategic leadership in organizations is one of the most profound models needed to accelerate positive organizational change and growth. Strategic leadership is also capable of moderating operations within an organization by boosting the morale of employees through motivation and a conducive working environment. As such, organizational behavior may not be ignored at all when exploring the aspect of strategic leadership.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on KTG Strategic Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a terminology used to describe the management of manpower within an organization and how it can also be used to facilitate the regular process of production according to the set goals and objectives. It is also vital to note that strategic leadership entails the application of specific stream of knowledge by the appointed leadership structure and employees with the aim of generating a holistic perspective towards positive growth (Griffin Moorhead 2012, p. 4). On the same note, organizational behavior often seeks to underscore the relationship between an organization and employees with the aim of attaining the necessary objectives and goals. This paper analyses a case study of the KTG Company in terms of how the current leadership structure can be improved in one of its regional operation centers. Background challenge at KTG According to the recent operational review conducted by the Chief Executive Officer of the company, it was found out that there was a gross mismatch between growth capability in the region and the available expertise or knowledge base. Besides, it was evident that the existing operational plan was out of date bearing in mind that the leadership of the region had not put in place any strategic plan. The members of staff were also found to be poorly motivated. They had no personal drive to work or even improve their performance at work. This si tuation was mainly occasioned by lack of clarity regarding their future. In addition, it was discovered that the emerging business opportunities within the affected region could not be harnessed properly since the knowledge stream leader in place was not the best personality suited for the task at hand (Keefe-Perry 2010, p. 190).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other factors that were found to be detrimental to the operations of the company in the affected region included unclear policies, values and the business goals of KTG to members of staff and also lack of proper engagement or cooperation between the regional government and the immediate members of the community. It is against these challenges that there is urgent need to put in place an effective knowledge stream leader who will be able to foster rapid growth of the company in the region using the available resou rces especially in the renewable energy sector. Leadership concepts and theories The efficiency of a given leadership within an organization largely determines the level of accomplishing goals as well as the set objectives. From the KTG’s regional case study, it is evident that the objectives and goals of the company are still not clear to employees. Therefore, it is prudent to make the objectives as vivid as possible. Moreover, suitable strategies should be put in place in order to accomplish the set goals. The leader who will be appointed in this regional office ought to ascertain that the existing teams understand their priorities, have measurable objectives and are adequately coordinated in order to achieve the goals of the company (Pollak 2010, p.1408). The aspect of size is also critical when harnessing the potential of any team dynamics. It plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of various operational aspects within an organization. For instance, the size of a team depicts how tasks are carried out, determines cooperation among the team members and also facilitates the entire process of communication (Pot, Koningsveld Erg 2009, p.424). There are quite a number of teams that prefer small sizes bearing in mind that teams that are relatively small in size can be easily coordinated. As such, they can perform tasks faster, prevents loss of process in team maintenance and also lower the likelihood of social loafing. It is necessary for the new knowledge stream leader at the KTG’s regional offices to make sure that the size of individual teams are made lean and more effective in readiness to perform their roles. Even though large teams may be effective in providing the much needed team diversity and psychological support, they can only be accommodated when the regional operation of the company have become stable.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on KTG Strategic Leadership specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, the most critical area that ought to be given more emphasis is performance improvement so that the affected regional branch of the organization can experience positive growth and profitability as other regions. While the new leader should root for lean and effective teams, it is important to note that the size of the team will also depend on the leadership structure that will be put in place. In any given workplace environment, top leaders are not supposed to have direct authority to determine the size of a group (Ashley 2006, p.650). The region has also been affected by lack of clearly defined norms and organizational values. Each of the groups and teams should be guided on the type of routines to follow and what they are expected to understand while at workplace. In other words, the values and routines of the company should be communicated to all members of groups or teams. The latter are critical in making sure that desira ble behaviors are cultivated alongside effective performance of tasks. It is vital to point out that values are developed spontaneously when teams interact as they carry out daily routines. In a workplace environment, effective leaders should be familiar with the norms and value of an organization so that they can pass the same to other members. In case of negative values and routines, it is the role of leaders to confront the teams and consequently correct the anomalies. The new teams and groups that will be formed in this region will also be expected to be cohesive. Cohesiveness will forge unity among team members. It will also bring them in a uniform working platform. Cohesiveness also enhances high levels of performance. Teams which remain together are highly likely to be cohesive. Cohesiveness can be affected by factors such as the desire for attaining success, the need to boost the level of competition and also overall willingness to meet the goals and objectives of an organiz ation (Griffin Moorhead 2012, p.67). Team members who are cohesive are more friendly and trustworthy among each other.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a workplace, effective leaders should take part in enhancing cohesiveness among team and individual members. The new knowledge stream leader who will take up the leadership of the region will have to make sure that employees are cohesive and work in line with the set goals and objectives of the company. The new knowledge stream leader will have to embrace quite a number of strategies in order to harness the potential that exists in this dormant region. Perhaps, it would be necessary for the leader to put into consideration various leadership opportunities and challenges prevalent in this regional office. Griffin and Moorhead (2012, p. 518) note that leaders in organizations have continually be aware of the importance of creating change by being active participant in the process of transforming the regional operations of KTG. As already noted, lack of an effective team work may pose a real threat towards the realization of the goals. This has been the worst form of threat that has affected KTG’s operations in the aforementioned region. Al-Rawi (2008, p.93) observes that teamwork is a vital element in any successful operation of a business entity. According to contingent theory of leadership, the emerging issues usually affect the performance and overall delivery of a leader. KTG has been in a position to carry out successful operations in all the other regions. In fact, the company has managed to record significant profitability for a considerably long period. According to the contingency theory of leadership, the new knowledge stream leader in the affected region of the company will have to address the functional conflicts that affect the success of various teams. This will be achieved by creating and improving awareness and boosting interaction skills among employees. The leader will also have to make sure that staff members cooperate with each other fully towards attaining specific goals and objectives. Strategy KTG has a formal matrix structure. T his type of a structure can work well especially if the knowledge stream leader understands its complexities and functioning modalities (Brown et al 2008, p.170). Even though the same structure has been used in the affected region for a long time, it is apparent that the outcomes are not impressive at all. It will be crucial for the incoming leader to take full charge and review how the structure has been working in the affected region. Perhaps, it will be necessary to decentralize some of the functions of the top leadership in the region so that the junior employees also get a sense of belonging when they take part in vital decision making processes (Smith, Blandford Back 2009, p.282). When employees are made to feel that they are part and parcel of the processes taking part in an organization, they are highly likely to work smart and eventually improve the performance of an organization. KTG will immensely benefit from the active participation of all employees especially if the p rocess of decentralization will be implemented fully. One way of attaining decentralization in the affected region of the company is by creating a short form of hierarchy that will enable junior employees to contact the top leadership within the shortest time possible. As a matter of fact, long term planning will only be possible if employees take part in vital decision making processes. The regional operations of the KTG Company will also be improved by creating multidivisional structures. The latter will permit rapid integration of local operations with regional cultures. In addition, it will lower the time taken to respond to staff members. Clients will also be in a position to express their needs within the shortest time possible. Such an approach will eventually expedite service delivery and productivity of the regional operations of KTG as a business entity (Marques 2011, p.21). Motivation Members of staff and other employees are apparently not motivated to work. This can be e xplained by the fact that they are not interested with both the immediate and future progress of the company. Therefore, it will be inevitable paramount to develop a leadership system that motivates employees to give their best services while at the place of work. According to McClelland’s theory of needs, motivation is a critical component of improving performance. This theory stipulates the importance of meeting the needs of employees in any given workplace environment (Dunn, Dastoor Sims 2012, p.53). When the needs of employees are fairly met, they will be in a position to dedicate their time fully in working according to the goals of the organization. A thematic aptitude test (TAT) has been employed in this theory in order to examine how various categories of people can boost their achievements when they are motivated (Kemper Brandes 2007, p.426). Another strategy that will be used to motivate workers will be through verbal appreciation of their personal contributions t owards the success of the company. Verbal appreciation will create a sense of acceptance and cordial relationship between the top leadership and junior employees. For employees who perform well in specific tasks, it will be necessary to publicly recognize their achievements. In particular, employees who accomplish tasks that are difficult in nature will have to be fully appreciated as a way of motivating them. Appreciation may come in different forms such as promotion into higher job ranks, salary increments as well as additional bonuses and fringe benefits. On the same note, the ERG theory also affirms why employees ought to be motivated. This theory embarks on the importance of various tastes and preference of employees in regards to motivation. The theory asserts that both the existence and basic needs of employees should be given the top priority. For instance, all the psychological needs of employees are considered to be basic. Such needs should be given great concern. In pursu it to this theory, the incoming leadership at the affected KTG’s regional branch will initiate a rigorous counseling and support program for employees at this branch. This will go hand in hand with the provision of a safe working environment. Security and a sense of being safe are crucial elements that the leadership will use to motivate members of staff attached to various departments (Vanaerschot 2007, p.315). In the Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, management staffs in most contemporary business organizations often find it quite challenging to lower the level of dissatisfaction among employees especially when the operations of a company are widespread. According to the motivation-hygiene theory by Herzberg, hygiene standards within a workplace environment may determine the level of satisfaction of employees. For instance, it is obvious an unhygienic working environment may pose serious health risks to workers. As a result, incidents of poor health and infection s are highly likely to dominate such environments. As a result, workers who are unhealthy will not be motivated to work. The new leadership will put in place high standards of hygiene at the place of work. This will also go hand in hand with improving the overall working conditions of employees. Communication Communication is an integral aspect within an organization. Lack of effective communication between the leadership and subordinate members of an organization may grossly jeopardize the operations of a business enterprise. Communication may be both directive and evaluative. The new knowledge stream leader will have to exercise both of these two modes of communication. In terms of directive communication, it will be necessary for the new leadership to understand how various team and group members often react to changes proposed with this regional branch of the organization. The ability to understand workplace reactions is a vital component of leadership. For instance, organizatio nal psychology and training can only be comprehended and articulated properly only if directive communication is undertaken properly. Needless to say, directive communication will have to be one of the changes to be injected in the affected regional operations of KTG. It is crucial to note that effective team dynamics can only be influenced through directive communication. Collaborative work cultures and the level of performance will also be improved in the presence of effective directive communication. Additionally, communication will have to be improved by making sure that all the responses are conveyed promptly, clearly and also in the most transparent manner (Geraghty 2010, p.1146). In other words, members of staff will have to be trained on how to communicate effectively both among them and also with the top leadership of the organization. As such, training programs will be initiated among all the employees of the company in this region. The training program on effective commun ication will have to capture elements of effective communication such as the ability to understand and interpret information conveyed across the board, being articulate when conveying information and also the importance of courtesy in the entire process of communication. Team dynamics and leadership Effective leadership within various teams is a vital feature that can hardly be ignored if the KTG’s operations in this region will be profitable. As already highlighted above, participatory leadership among various members of teams and groups is crucial towards positive growth and development of a business entity. In a workplace, certain aspects demand inputs and options from various teams in order to formulate appropriate decision. This implies that decision making processes should not be left entirely on the hands of top leaders. Members within a group should be in a position to offer their individual opinions and perspectives especially regarding new changes that are introduce d at workplace. In regards to decision making, the new knowledge stream leader will be expected to formulate ways of integrating all team members in decision making processes. As a matter of fact, this will serve as one vital way of motivating members of staff since they will significantly gain a sense of belonging at the place of work. In summing up, team dynamics and leadership will also focus on the significance of organizational change and culture (Bititci et al 2006, p.1330). It is inevitable that the new strategic leader will have to inject several changes at the poorly performing region of the KTG Company. While such changes are expected to yield positive outcomes, some members of staff may find it cumbersome to accommodate the same changes largely due to threat of comfort and challenges posed by job security. Therefore, the new leader will have to demonstrate high level of leadership skills by making sure that the current employees take active part in the entire process of c hange. References Al-Rawi, K 2008, â€Å"Cohesiveness within teamwork: The relationship to performance effectiveness – case study†. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 92-106. Ashley, S 2006, â€Å"Heritage institutions, resistance and praxis†. Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 31 no. 3, pp. 639-658. Bititci, U. S., Mendibil, K., Nudurupati, S., Garengo, P., Turner, T 2006, â€Å"Dynamics of performance measurement and organizational culture†. International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 26 no. 12, pp.1325-1350. Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Merkle, E. C., Wituk, S. A., Meissen, G 2008, â€Å"Understanding how participation in a consumer-run organization relates to recovery†. American Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 42 no.1, pp. 167-178. Dunn, M. W., Dastoor, B., Sims, R. L 2012, â€Å"Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural p erspective†. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 45-60. Geraghty, L 2010, â€Å"Sustainability reporting— measure to manage, manage to change, keeping good companies†, vol. 4 no.3, pp. 141-147. Griffin, R. W. Moorhead, G 2012, Organizational behavior: Managing people and organizations, Cengage learning, Mason, OH. Keefe-Perry, L 2010, â€Å"Divine exploration and invitation†. Cross Currents, vol. 60 no. 1, pp. 89-137. Kemper, R. V., Brandes, S 2007, â€Å"Obituaries: George McClelland foster jr. (1913-2006)†. American Anthropologist, vol. 109 no. 2, pp. 425-428. Marques, J 2011, â€Å"Turning inward to connect outward: Interbeing as motivational path in today’s workplace†. Interbeing, vol. 5 no.1, pp. 19-29. Pollak, K 2010, â€Å"Do patient attributes predict oncologist empathic responses and patient perceptions of empathy†? Supportive Care in Cancer, vol. 18 no.11, pp. 1405-1411. Pot, F. D., Koningsveld, E. Erg, E 2009, â€Å"Quality of working life and organizational performance – two sides of the same coin†? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment Health, vol. 35 no. 6, pp. 421-428. Smith, P., Blandford, A., Back, J 2009, â€Å"Questioning, exploring, narrating and playing in the control room to maintain system safety†. Cognition, Technology Work, vol. 11 no. 4, pp. 279-291. Vanaerschot, G 2007, â€Å"Empathic resonance and differential experiential processing: An experiential process-directive approach†. American Journal of Psychotherapy, vol. 61 no. 3, pp. 313-331. This case study on KTG Strategic Leadership was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The North And South . Many People Think Of The Essays -

The North and South . Many People think of the Civil wars as just another war. Where somebody was trying to settle some kind of argument . Well it was not, it was to free men and it proves that no matter what we are all-equal in some way or another. Many people to date still question the power of slavery towards the black race. Many in fact still hold that thought of being owned but know one deserves to be treated that way. The North and the south. Who was considered good and who was ignorant? The North . The North was known as the Union against slavery . The North was was known as the rebels. Abraham Lincoln was the President for the Northern states (Union). Lincoln came up with some thing of his own power , his Inaugural address. The Contents were "Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States , that by the accession of A Republican Administration, their property, and their peace, and their personal security, are to be endangered. There is no reasonable cause for such apprehension." ( Civil War Years pg.34 Lincoln's Inaugural address) The South. Their the ones who made the Confederacy and who wanted to continue to run slavery as far into the ground as possible. Many believe in the words of all who say "Ignorance is bliss, so come knock the smile off my face" (Zack De Loroacha Rage Against The Machine.") Those are the much anticipated Words of hate from which one person thinks when they hear Civil war. That is pretty bad when still to date the practices of wrong are still brought up in the 1990's society. To get back on track with topic the South stood as the Yankees. ( Civil War Years pg.100) Jefferson Davis of Mississippi became the President of the Confederate States of America. Jefferson had served the Mexican wars.(Civil War ,pg30). War comes. In the last days of 1860 the majority of the people of the North refused to believe that the Union was headed for complete dissolution.(Correspondents of war, pg28). With in the first Month of the new year 1861 many Southern States followed the lead of South Carolina. Mississippi naturally by supreme ordinance of secession declared its self out of the Union on 1-9- 1861. Florida along with the following and proceeding in the order by date from the ninth of January was Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas all broke from the Union. (Civil War pg29) These states along with others not mentioned formed the Confederate States of America. On February 9, 1861 the well now known Confederate Congress choose Jefferson Davis as the new President for the Confederacy as mentioned earlier in the report. (Civil Correspondents) The Northern Generals. Lieutenant General Windfield Scott was a long time veteran of the war of 1812 and he was also a hero of the Mexican war, at this of the war Windfield was 75 years old. Next is General Irvin McDowell who's forces behind him consisted of 36,000 men with the reserve of 10,000. The Generals first battle at Bull Run was a run of bad Luck. Major General McClellan born eighteen-twenty Six (1826) and died in eighteen-eighty-five (1885). In July eighteen-sixty-one (1861) he had Command of the Army of the Potomac, and later that year was given the Supreme command. His hesitation in taking on the Offensive and his failure to take Richmond lead to his dismissal. McClellan was reinstated and failed to follow his success at the Battle of Antietam and was dismissed again in eighteen-sixty-two (1862). In eighteen-sixty- four (1864) he ran for Presidency against Abraham Lincoln and was unsuccessful. (Webster's International Encyclopedia ,pg.689). The Southern General's. General Thomas Jonathan Jackson better known as "Stonewall Jackson". General Jackson was born eighteen-twenty-four (1824) and died Eighteen-sixty-three (1863). He was an Confederate general in the American Civil War. He earned his nickname for his stand against the Union forces at the first battle of Bull Run in eighteen-sixty-one (1861). In May-June 1862 in the Shenandoah Valley campaign he fought brilliantly at the battles of Richmond, the Seven Days Battle, Cedar Mountain, the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. General Stonewall was fatally wounded at Chancellorsville from an accidental fire from his own troops. (Webster's International Encyclopedia, pg.563). Fourth ranking Officer Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born in Eighteen-seven (1807) and died in Eighteen-ninety-one (1891). He was considered the Confederate

Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Essay Example

Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Essay Example Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Paper Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Paper Essay Topic: Carol ann Duffy Poems The concept of journey is one which pervades much of both Carol Ann Duffys and Sheenagh Pughs poetry, in literal and allegorical terms. Various devices and imagery are used in order to convey this concept, having varying effects on the reader, which will be analysed in the subsequent paragraphs.  The theme of travelling is present in Originally by Duffy, in which physical translocation (specifically emigration) is depicted through such nouns as country, emigration, and accent, and such verbs as rushed back, fell through, and leaving you standing. The latter phrase features two present continuous verbs, suggesting a sense of progression which contradicts the actual meaning of the verb standing, which functions as an adjective, communicating a lack of movement. This dichotomy reflects Duffys own unease regarding her own relocation during her childhood, in which she moved from Glasgow, Scotland to Stafford, England when she was six years old. This had a profound effect on her poetry, with references to travel palpable not only in the current poem but also in others like In Mrs Tilschers Class (You ran through the gates, impatient to be grown), Who Loves You (travelling in those mystical machines,) River (At the turn of the river the language changes), The Way My Mother Speaks (The train this slow evening / goes down England), and In Your Mind (The other country). Moreover, enjambment is utilised throughout the poem; for example,  Do I only / think / I lost a river, culture, speech in order to visually represent flow, reflecting the physical sense of movement in a journey. However, use of enjambment (often followed by caesura) also interrupts the meaning of the lines since the words are not contained on one line therefore their meanings are spread across multiple lines, forming another dichotomy like the aforementioned one. These two dualities convey to the reader that there are two sides to every journey: the positivity and optimism of a new journey, and the negativity and regret of leaving ones past behind. The reader responds to this by perceiving the emotional qualities of the concept of journey and perhaps relate Duffys experiences onto their own, thus they begin to identify more with Duffys poetic explorations of journey; because, as has been stated, Duffy features journey in her work often, the readers identification with the concept makes her considerably more accessible, and so her non-journey-related social commentaries are more likely to be read and explored by the reader. There are several references to travelling in In Mrs. Tilschers Class, including  You could travel up the Blue Nile, which features the modal verb could to demonstrate the vast array of possibilities individuals have appertaining travel in the modern world. This builds an aura of wonder and mental fantasy as the reader imagines where they could travel, reflecting the wonder children experience whilst learning in school. Proper nouns, namely, Tana. Ethiopia. Khartoum. Aswan also convey this sense of endless potential voyages. However, as is often the case with her work, Duffy intentionally limits this effect by only referring to locations in Africa, since Tana is in Ethiopia, Khartoum in Sudan, and Aswan in Egypt. This makes the reader reconsider whether travel is really worthwhile; this is of course poignant bearing in mind Duffys own experience with travel, because, at such a young age, moving miles away from home is an anxious event, thus Duffy is warning readers to truly evaluate relocation due to its potential psychologically traumatic effects. A somewhat inverted sentiment is expressed in Pughs Birmingham Navigation graffiti, in which she includes adjectives like smoke-blackened, lurid, jaundiced and gangrenous to depict the dilapidated state of Birmingham. Pugh does so to communicate her disdain for Birmingham, where she grew up but later moved away from. Unlike Duffy who warns against relocation, Pugh is positive that she moved away from her birthplace; for example, the fact that the noun graffiti is in lower-case is intended to chastise the overly prominent visual pollution, which no doubt galvanised Pughs strong dislike for big cities. While Duffy expresses a rather mono-faceted opinion of travel, Pughs is more ambiguous; she is in favour of counter-urban (that is, rural) travel, but not urban travel. In the second stanza, You see precedes space, followed by a new line, suggesting that visitors to Birmingham struggle to find anything aesthetically worthwhile to comment on. Pugh then completes the sentence, with towns backsides which portrays the view of industrialised towns highly negatively, since the noun backside is usually associated with faeces. This evocative imagery makes the reader picture the forsaken state of the city, so they are more likely to align with Pughs disdainful view. The concept of physical journey is typical in many of Pughs poems, for example she includes Scandanavian proper nouns often in the collection, What a Place to Grow Flowers in the titles of such poems as Men growing flowers: Hveragerdi, Ingthor the chanter, The flute-playing at Skalholt and Going back to Hlidarendi and also refers to travel in the Earth Studies collection in such poems as After I came back from Iceland (When I got back to Heathrow) and Harbours (over the glittering road you should have gone to your true harbour). Disillusion with the aesthetically disappointing state of Britain during the highly-industrialised, Thatcher-run 80s influenced Pugh to travel abroad and write about the liberating effects of foreign journey, and her evocative language and simile such as how breathing was like drinking cold water encourages readers to travel abroad to enjoy these experiences. In In Mrs. Tilschers Class the number of travel-related ideas diminishes as the poem progresses, conveying, in her eyes, the lack of imagination and exploration the children in the poem face as they grow up. This links strongly to the theme of maturity.  Running parallel to the theme of physical journey is that of journey from innocence and youth to knowledge and maturity, which is explored in Religion 1, wherein the transition from nescience to knowledge is depicted through the subtle sexual reference of,  some thing / well-shaped; uncommon; fashioned to their liking. Needless to say, this is a reference to temptation in the Garden of Eden in the Genesis story of Adam and Eve, and the use of the nonspecific adverb some suggests lack of knowledge, which is antithetical to the subsequent knowledge they experience; the verb know (present in the subsequent poem in Selected Poems, History 1) can mean, in a Biblical sense, copulate, thus this is a subtle reference to sexual maturity a nd discovery. Unlike in many of her earlier works, predominantly those in Standing Female Nude such as Oppenheims Cup and Saucer and Girlfriends, Duffy similarly uses subtle references to sexual maturity in In Mrs. Tilschers Class in which she mentions inky tadpoles which can be interpreted as a metaphor for sperm cells, which resemble tadpoles. This symbolism conveys the growing childrens sexual maturity, and in the context of the poem which intends to paint a picture of every readers experience of growing up and school-life through use of the generic second-person pronoun, you, how sexual maturity is an integral part of growing up. Dissimilar to in Originally, this poem uses less enjambment and more full-stops and commas at the ends of lines; this is significant since the former poem is primarily about a literal journey, and the latter a figurative journey, therefore the diminished presence of enjambment suggests that growing up is a less smooth-flowing journey than relocation. This makes reader more likely to identify with this poem because everyone experiences adolescence but not everyone relocation, so Duffys work is more appreciated and, as has been mentioned, her social messages are reached by a wider audience.

Preventing School Bullying Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preventing School Bullying - Research Proposal Example The methodology of this study is based on 2 surveys conducted in 50 different high schools in the region. The study is applied to pupils between 6 and 10 grade and it is voluntary. The first survey is organized as a self-reported questions and answers, it is anonymous and tries to estimate the degree of bullying in the given school. The other survey concentrates on the desire of participants to name the reasons why they were bullied and the ways in which this was done. The collected data was statistically processed. The data collection process represented interviews with the pupils and classifications of their answers in the different categories. The study have found that bullies are predisposed to have positive attitude towards aggression, have negative attitudes towards school and education and have behaviour problems. On the bases of the collected data it was estimated that bullying takes two distinct phases - verbal and physical.

Compare - Contrast Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare - Contrast Paper - Essay Example Thus, Emily spends years with a corpse and her death unravels the ambiguity of Homer Barron’s disappearance. Simultaneously, the short story of Turman Capote â€Å"A Christmas Memory† from written from an autobiographical reflective aspect; thus, it entails the tale of two friends living with far away relatives in destitution. Hence, this narrative centralizes around the adventures and experiences of two odd-age friends, an elderly eccentric spinster and a young boy of seven named Buddy. Throughout, their course of friendship even in their pecuniary famines, their time together was ecstatic and memorable (Turman). Thus, Capote has intertwined his narrative of reminiscence in a fictionist character of Buddy, who does not feel the adversity of life in the presence of his elderly cheerful distant cousin. Hence, their simple life is full of happiness because of their cheerful disposition and behaviour. Absence of companionship brings immense changes in a person’s lif e. Thus, people tend to accept isolation and keep their past memories alive to cherish them. William Faulkner’s monstrous and gothic Southern tale is a compilation of many unconventional themes of the late twentieth century. Thus, this short tale entails death, isolation, absence of companionship, murder, rigid Southern aristocratic norms and most prominently the theme of necrophilia. Moreover, it also entails sub-themes as obsession, denial, radical change in society, haunting memories and the aspect of austerity in clemency. Isolation since childhood impacted on Emily’ mental stability and she transformed into an eccentric individual, who could go to extreme extent to save her memories or literally to bring back the dead loved ones into her life. She couldn’t accept the death of her father on the second day of his funeral; subsequently, she kept the corpse of her lover in her house, which further proved her insanity (necrophilia). Instead of cherishing the mem ories from her past she kept the physical corpse with herself, to comfort from dead Homer Barron’s companionship. Thus, â€Å"the strand of iron-gray hair† ( Kriszner, p.125) with the skeleton Homer Barron’s corpse further corroborates that she couldn’t let go her past. On the other hand, Turman Capote’s brief and highly influenced autobiographical narrative entails the main themes of friendship, joyous memories, simplicity, paucity, compassion and generosity, separation, isolation and eventually death along with stark realities of life. Thus, the author has enabled his readers to take a peek into the lives of two odd age cousins, who cherished the company of one another without getting gloomy about the deficiencies in their lives. Thus, the fruit cake season, kite flying, searching for the best tree for Christmas decoration and unwrapping presents were the most precious and memorable experiences of a seven year old Buddy with his sixty plus female cousin. Hence, throughout the story the author has been narrating this tale in present tense just to cherish those past moments spent with his elderly friend. The author has articulated his tale in a manner, which serves rightly to his intensions, to feel the happiness of past and to recall it in a present tense to emphasize on the aspect that the memories with her cannot be dead or become a past phenomenon. Hence, his readers are neither surprised due to any grotesque element nor

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects Essay

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects - Essay Example Every organization has a unique culture that gives it a special identity. Historically the word, ‘culture’, has been used differently in different subjects. Sometimes it is used to describe the sophistication of a person, whereas sometimes it is used by the anthropologists while they are describing the rituals and customs that different societies have developed over the passage of time. However, over the past few decades, the word is more used in organizational context. Experts and researchers have used the term in order to describe the practices and climate that have developed in the process of managing and handling the people in the organization (Schein, 2004). In today’s competitive business environment organizational culture is considered one of the most important factors that influence the individual performance and hence organizational performance. Management of culture becomes critical when there are people from different culture work together in the organi zation. Â  This paper is all about the management of organizational culture and various issues related to it in an organization named Business Objects. The report includes a brief overview of the organization and different problem regarding its culture. It also includes a detailed overview of the policy that should be implemented in the organization in order to solve and manage cross-cultural issues. Culture greatly influences the team performance especially when the team consists of people from the different cultural background. This report contains some possible solutions of problems regarding multicultural teams in the context of Business Objects. Â  Business Objects was established by Bernard Liautaud and one of his colleagues in 1990. The company started with software development.

Alzheimers Disease: Biology, Etiology and Solutions

Alzheimers Disease: Biology, Etiology and Solutions Introduction Alzheimers disease (AD) is a type of dementia characterized by the progressive loss in cognitive function due to neurodegeneration that results in gradual memory loss and eventually the inability to carry out tasks of daily living. The two types of AD are distinguished by age of onset and etiologies; early-onset AD develops prior to age 65 and has strong genetic associations while late-onset AD develops after age 65 with a more complex etiology. Late-onset AD accounts for 90-95% of AD cases (Harman 2002). Aging is a strong risk factor for developing late-onset AD. Given that the global population of people ages 65 and up is expected to increase from 26.6 million in 2006 to 106.8 million by 2050 (Brookmeyer et al. 2007) AD is a growing public health concern in regards to disease management and development of innovative treatments. The prevalence of AD globally is 4.4%, with 1 in 10 people over age 65 and nearly one-third of people over age 85 affected by dementia in developed countries (Qiu et al. 2009). AD prevalence is the greatest in East Asia, followed by Western Europe, South Asia, and North America (Prince et al. 2015). Disease burden is anticipated to be the greatest in low and middle-income countries with the fastest growth in the elderly population and limited access to care (Prince et al. 2015). By 2050, the U.S. population of adults with AD is projected to increase to 13.2 million. With 43% of AD patients requiring a high level of care, the financial and healthcare burden of AD is expected to rise (Qiu et al. 2009). Given that the burden of AD will increase over the coming decades with costly impacts on health care and social services, it is necessary to continue AD research to identify a cause and develop novel therapies. Etiology Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial disease with several genetic, person, and lifestyle risk factors that contribute to development of disease. Although many risk factors for AD have been identified a cause has not yet been found. Of the genetic risk factors identified, apolipoprotein E alleles, with ethnic and sex variability in risk of developing AD, and TREM2 gene mutations have the strongest associations with AD. Lifestyle risk factors include hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and education. The development of AD requires a combination of these risk factors that induce the production of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aß) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the agents of AD. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been identified as playing a role in AD pathology. ApoE is naturally produced and is involved in lipid transport (Ridge et al. 2013; 2018 Feb 27).   In AD it is thought that apoE regulation of Aß is altered (Kanekiyo et al. 2014). There are three apoE alleles that differ in the risk they confer to AD; the ÃŽ µ2 and ÃŽ µ3 alleles are protective but the ÃŽ µ4 allele increases risk for AD (Ridge et al. 2013). Additionally, it appears that ethnicity modulates the risk of AD conferred by the apoE ÃŽ µ4 allele, conferring greater risk among Caucasians and Japanese than African Americans and Hispanics (Ridge et al., 2013). The apoE ÃŽ µ4 allele is an established risk factor for the development of AD however it is not causative and the risk that carrying this gene confers is likely modulated by other factors such as ethnicity and lifestyle.   Mutations in the TREM2 gene have also been implicated in AD pathology. The TREM2 gene codes for a receptor expressed in myeloid cells, the principal innate immune cell in the brain (Hickman and El Khoury 2014) and in greater abundance in the hippocampus and neocortex, brain structures affected by neurodegeneration in AD (Guerreiro et al. 2013 Jan 9). A rare missense mutation in the TREM2 gene was identified in Islanders that confers significant risk of AD (Jonsson et al. 2013 Jan 9) and a loss of function mutation increases the risk of late-onset AD in heterozygous carriers (Hickman and El Khoury 2014). This loss of function mutation promotes the production of Aß and reduces Aß phagocytosis and degradation (Hickman and El Khoury 2014). In addition to the genetic risk factors discussed above, several lifestyle risk factors for AD have been identified including cardiovascular risk factors and obesity. Cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) in mid-life are associated with a 20-40% increased risk of AD in a dose-dependent fashion (Whitmer et al. 2005). Hypertension that develops in mid-life and persists into late-life is associated with a greater risk of dementia (McGrath et al. 2017). Furthermore, the risk of hypertension for AD in late-life might be influenced by sex, with females having a 65% increased risk of developing dementia if hypertensive in mid-life but no such association among males (Gilsanz et al. 2017). Midlife insulin resistance is also a risk factor for Aß accumulation (Ekblad et al. 2018 Feb 23) and patients with diabetes and the apoE ÃŽ µ4 allele have more Aß plaques and NFTs in the brain (Peila et al. 2002). Obesity is linked to AD via several singl e-nucleotide polymorphisms (Hinney et al. 2014). In people who are obese, leptin and adiponectin lose their neuroprotective role as the brain becomes resistant to leptin and the levels of adiponectin decrease (Letra et al. 2014). Research conducted by Nuzzo et al. (2015) further supports this association, finding that obese mice fed a high-fat diet had elevated Aß accumulation. Addressing these modifiable risk factors in mid-life may help reduce the risk of developing AD in late-life. Higher educational attainment and continued cognitive stimulation in later life are protective against AD. Amieva et al. (2014) found that individuals with AD who had education beyond 6 years of primary school showed delayed cognitive decline before diagnosis compared to individuals with less education. Participating in cognitive leisure activities in late-life, like reading books, newspapers, and magazines, solving crossword puzzles, and attending courses and professional training, has a protective effect as well (Sattler et al. 2012). Higher educational attainment may be associated with reduced risk of AD and delayed cognitive decline if AD develops because of its association with increased hippocampi and amygdalae size. In individuals with AD, the hippocampi are larger in those who had 20 years of formal education compared to those with 6 years (Shpanskaya et al. 2014). The role of education in hippocampal size is further implicated by Tang, Varma, Miller, and Carlson (2017) who f ound that the left hippocampus is larger than the right, possibly due to education honing retrieval of verbal memory by the left hippocampus through increasing intellectual ability and literacy skills.   Biology   Alzheimer’s disease results in the progressive loss of neurons in the cerebrum. The first structures affected are the hippocampi followed by the amygdala (Pini et al. 2016). As the disease progresses so does neuronal loss throughout the cerebrum. In AD, Aß peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by tau protein cause synaptic damage that leads to apoptosis. Additionally, the innate immune system in the brain does not function properly in AD and therefore does not remove Aß peptides before they aggregate to form plaques.   Amyloid beta is naturally produced in the brain by the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), but when APP is cleaved by ß-secretase Aß peptides are formed that can cause synaptic and mitochondrial damage and aggregate to form plaques (Querfurth and LaFerla 2010). In healthy individuals, Aß peptides are cleared by microglia and enzymes but these mechanisms deteriorate in individuals with AD and the Aß peptides accumulate and result in neurodegeneration (Sarlus and Heneka 2017). Aß plaques cause neuronal cell death by accumulating around neurons, impairing normal function and inducing an inflammatory response. More attention recently has been given to Aß peptides, which lead to apoptosis in neurons through synaptic damage and inhibition of mitochondrial function. Aß peptides cause synaptic damage in the hippocampus by aggregating and creating pores in the cell membranes that allows calcium ion entry into the cell. Over time, these pores become non-selective and allow flux of large molecules like ATP and glucose that alters cell metabolism and disrupts homeostasis resulting in apoptosis (Sepà ºlveda et al. 2014). Aß also produces reactive oxygen species that initiate oxidative stress which leads to mitochondria in the cell releasing cytochrome C and inducing apoptosis (Querfurth and LaFerla 2010). Both Aß peptides and APP can enter the mitochondria where they disrupt the electron transport chain and ATP production (Caspersen et al. 2005; Reddy and Beal 2008). Synapses are sites of high mitochondrial activity because ATP is needed for neurotransmitter release (Reddy and Beal 2008), so inhibition of mitochondrial activity by Aß also results in synaptic damage. NFTs are intracellular aggregations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and also cause neurodegeneration. Tau protein is a component of the cytoskeleton of neural cells but when hyperphosphorylated tau proteins have an affinity for themselves and destabilize the cytoskeleton (Iqbal et al. 2005; Spillantini and Goedert 2013). Tau protein is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase -3ß (GSK-3ß) (Rankin et al. 2007) which can be activated by Aß peptides (Takashima 2006). Tau protein mediates synaptic damage by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling that is key in cell survival (Sun et al. 2016). Approaches Current treatment of AD relies on two types of medications: acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. AChEIs work by slowing the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibiting acetylcholine esterase which allows more ACh action at the synapses (Nelson and Tabet 2015). When cholinergic neurons are lost during the course of AD, ACh synthesis and receptor signaling are reduced (Auld et al. 2002). AChEIs are most effective in slowing progression of cognitive decline in mild to moderate cases and less effective in severe AD (Gillette-Guyonnet et al. 2011). Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Tariot et al. 2004) that helps mitigate the loss of NMDA receptor function due to Aß peptides (Snyder et al. 2005). Memantine is not effective for mild cases of AD (Nelson and Tabet 2015) but it is effective in moderate to severe cases, especially when used in combination with AChEIs (Tariot et al. 2004). Although AChEIs and NMDA receptor antagonists are the current pharmacological treatments available for AD, they are only able to slow the progression of the disease and lose effectiveness as AD progresses. The challenge in designing a drug to prevent or cure AD is the multifactorial nature of the disease with genetic and lifestyle risk factors. Even when non-pharmacologic interventions (controlling blood pressure, cognitive stimulation therapy, healthy diet and exercise, and maintaining social networks) (Nelson and Tabet 2015) are used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan and initiated early in disease progression, the best that current treatments can offer is to slow the natural progression of the disease With AD prevalence expected to increase worldwide across all races and ethnicities, the culture of different populations is an important consideration when designing intervention strategies. Social and economic barriers that prevent access to health care and social services among different populations need to be understood to identify and implement the best treatment specific to that population. Cultures also differ in how they view AD-related cognitive decline and may consider the memory loss a part of normal aging and therefore delay seeking treatment. An awareness of how cognitive decline in older age is defined culturally, how cultures differ in caring for the elderly, and how barriers to AD care services impacts each culture’s choice of treatment is key to developing successful interventions. Proposed Solutions The greatest challenge in developing treatment for AD that can prevent AD development or progression is that a specific cause has not yet been identified. However, recent research has identified new pharmacologic targets involved in the production of Aß and new therapies to reduce Aß and tau pathology. Research by Hu, Das, Hou, He, and Yan (2018) identified the ß-secretase BACE1 as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of AD. In a mouse model of AD in adults with BACE1 inhibition, it was observed that synaptic function improved and Aß plaque formation was prevented. Although some clinical trials of BACE1 inhibitors have stalled, with Merck stopping its clinical trial of verubecestat in February 2018 (Merck 2018), there is still hope of developing pharmacologic treatments targeting Aß and tau proteins (Amgen 2017). A novel therapeutic approach being researched is the use of optogenetic stimulation to reduce Aß and tau phosphorylation. Using a light flickering at 40 hertz, (Iaccarino et al. 2016) found they could stimulate brain waves called gamma oscillations in a mouse model of AD and observed reduced Aß plaque formation and tau phosphorylation. This may lead to new non-invasive AD therapies, but more research is needed to investigate its effectiveness in humans. With treatment approaches that target the production of toxic Aß and abnormal tau phosphorylation, it is conceivable that in the future we may be better able to prevent and stop the progression of AD. References Amgen. 2017 Nov 2. 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Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. J. Alzheimers Assoc. 3:186–191. Caspersen C, Wang N, Yao J, Sosunov A, Chen X, Lustbader JW, Xu HW, Stern D, McKhann G, Yan SD. 2005. Mitochondrial Abeta: a potential focal point for neuronal metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. FASEB J. 19:2040–2041. Ekblad LL, Johansson J, Helin S, Viitanen M, Laine H, Puukka P, Jula A, Rinne JO. 2018 Feb 23. Midlife insulin resistance, APOE genotype, and late-life brain amyloid accumulation. Neurology:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005214. Gillette-Guyonnet S, Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Gardette V, Coley N, Cantet C, Gauthier S, Ousset P-J, Vellas B. 2011. Long-term progression of Alzheimer’s disease in patients under antidementia drugs. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. 7:579–592. Gilsanz P, Mayeda ER, Glymour MM, Quesenberry CP, Mungas DM, DeCarli C, Dean A, Whitmer RA. 2017. Female sex, early-onset hypertension, and risk of dementia. Neurology 89:1886–1893. Guerreiro R, Wojtas A, Bras J, Carrasquillo M, Rogaeva E, Majounie E, Cruchaga C, Sassi C, Kauwe JSK, Younkin S, et al. 2013. TREM2 variants in Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 368:117-127 Harman D. 2002. Alzheimer’s disease: Role of aging in pathogenesis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 959:384–395. Hickman SE, El Khoury J. 2014. TREM2 and the neuroimmunology of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 88:495–498. Hinney A, Albayrak O, Antel J, Volckmar A-L, Sims R, Chapman J, Harold D, Gerrish A, Heid IM, Winkler TW, et al. 2014. Genetic variation at the CELF1 (CUGBP, elav-like family member 1 gene) locus is genome-wide associated with Alzheimer’s disease and obesity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 165B(4):283-93 Hu X, Das B, Hou H, He W, Yan R. 2018. BACE1 deletion in the adult mouse reverses preformed amyloid deposition and improves cognitive functions. J Exp Med.   jem.20171831 Iaccarino HF, Singer AC, Martorell AJ, Rudenko A, Gao F, Gillingham TZ, Mathys H, Seo J, Kritskiy O, Abdurrob F, et al. 2016. Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia. Nature 540:230. Iqbal K, del C. Alonso A, Chen S, Chohan MO, El-Akkad E, Gong C-X, Khatoon S, Li B, Liu F, Rahman A, et al. 2005. Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1739(2-3):198–210. Jonsson T, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Bjornsson S, Huttenlocher J, Levey AI, Lah JJ, et al. 2013. Variant of TREM2 associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 368:107-116 Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G. 2014. ApoE and AÃŽ ² in Alzheimer’s disease: accidental encounters or partners? Neuron 81:740–754. Letra L, Santana I, Seià §a R. 2014. Obesity as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: the role of adipocytokines. Metab Brain Dis. 29:563–568. McGrath ER, Beiser AS, DeCarli C, Plourde KL, Vasan RS, Greenberg SM, Seshadri S. 2017. Blood pressure from mid† to late life and risk of incident dementia. Neurology 89:2447–2454. Merck. 2018 Feb 13. Merck announces discontinuation of APECS study evaluating verubecestat (MK-8931) for the treatment of people with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. MERCK. [accessed 2018 Mar 19]. http://www.mrknewsroom.com/news-release/research-and-development-news/merck-announces-discontinuation-apecs-study-evaluating-ve. Nelson L, Tabet N. 2015. Slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease; what works? Ageing Res. Rev. 23:193–209. Nuzzo D, Picone P, Baldassano S, Caruana L, Messina E, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, Mulà ¨ F, Di Carlo M. 2015. Insulin resistance as common molecular denominator linking obesity to Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 12:723–735. Peila R, Rodriguez BL, Launer LJ. 2002. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Diabetes. 51:1256–1262. Pini L, Pievani M, Bocchetta M, Altomare D, Bosco P, Cavedo E, Galluzzi S, Marizzoni M, Frisoni GB. 2016. Brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and aging. Ageing Res Rev. 30:25–48. Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. 2015. World Alzheimer Report 2015 The global impact of dementia: An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. [accessed 2018 March 18] Qiu C, Kivipelto M, von Strauss E. 2009. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues Cli. Neurosci. 11:111–128. Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM. 2010. Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med. 362:329–344. Rankin CA, Sun Q, Gamblin TC. 2007. Tau phosphorylation by GSK-3ÃŽ ² promotes tangle-like filament morphology. Mol Neurodegener. 2:12. Reddy PH, Beal MF. 2008. Amyloid beta, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Trends Mol Med. 14:45–53. Ridge PG, Ebbert MTW, Kauwe JSK. 2013. Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. BioMed Res Int. 2013:254-954. Sarlus H, Heneka MT. 2017. Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Clin Invest. 127:3240–3249. Sattler C, Toro P, Schà ¶nknecht P, Schrà ¶der. 2012. Cognitive activity, education and socioeconomic status as preventive factors for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiatry Res. 196:90–95. Sepà ºlveda FJ, Fierro H, Fernandez E, Castillo C, Peoples RW, Opazo C, Aguayo LG. 2014. Nature of the neurotoxic membrane actions of amyloid-ÃŽ ² on hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 35:472–481. Shpanskaya KS, Choudhury KR, Hostage C, Murphy KR, Petrella JR, Doraiswamy PM. 2014. Educational attainment and hippocampal atrophy in the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative cohort. 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Annotation of the Children of Hurin

The purpose of this essay is to be a book review, and an analysis of the writing as a whole. It has been said that this is Tolkien’s darkest work, which goes along with the theme of Darkness and Wickedness throughout the book. Tolkien’s time period, religion, and upbringing have shaped his works; including this one. Quote â€Å"he can make one feel the darkness and wickedness, and its insidious nature as it silently seeps into human hearts and minds, which alters their behavior leading to human demise. This is very true in The Children of Hurin; there are characters that because of their wickedness that is inside, or cast upon them end up perishing due to their choices and behaviors. I do not necessarily agree with Witherington that human pride goes before the fall, and it makes us vulnerable to powers of darkness. I do not understand the connection of how pride can cause vulnerability to the darkness. If someone is prideful then they may not take heed to others advice and counsel, but that doesn't necessarily mean that it will cause them to fall into darkness easier than someone who isn't.The protagonist Turin sets out on his journey in a world that is occupied with evil and wickedness. So far Turin hasn't fallen into obscurity and evil ways and he has a lot of pride in this story. What is personally interesting to me in this essay is Witherington’s correlation of â€Å"Tolkien's use of the motif of the creeping darkness of evil which falls upon the realm owes more to the Biblical notion of the effects of the Fall than to Norse lore. †

Ethical Decision on Smoking Policy Essay

A town council serves as a settlement court in the areas that cover their jurisdiction. I It is their job to hear the complaints and problems of their constituents and try to develop ethical decisions that will resolve the issues or complaints brought before them. One of the most common ethical issues brought before them is the right of an individual to smoke in public. Smokers also have human rights that are protected by the constitution. One of these is the freedom to choose. If they choose to smoke, we cannot stop them. But, what we can do is limit the exposure of non smokers to the smoking population in order to accommodate the health concerns of the latter. But what ethical decisions can we make regarding restaurants and buildings where both parties freely mingle? I have a few suggestions that may help ease the growing tension and often times violent encounters of the two parties. Restaurants must accommodate both smokers and non smokers without adding to the already building tension regarding smoker’s rights. It may sound like a return to segregation but the only solution to this problem would be to require restaurants, bars, and other public dining or drinking areas to have al fresco dining areas with tent covers for the snow or rain seasons, which will be assigned as the sole smoking area of the restaurant. All non smokers must be seated in the air conditioned area indoors wherein smoking will be strictly prohibited. In offices where there is a mixture of non smoking and smoking employees, there must be full compliance of the non smoking in enclosed spaces rules. The office should however, designate smoking areas to accommodate the smokers. This area may be the rooftop of the building that must be designed as some sort of garden where live plants must be planted in order to absorb the toxic smoke and provide the area with fresh air for the people staying there to enjoy a smoke. Smokers may not believe they need protection from their habits but we have to do our part in protecting them from themselves. The town council ruling regarding smoking in public places is not a perfect law, it should be open to revisions and addendums as complaints arise to be dealt with. The town council must also acknowledge that maybe the smokers may have some ideas that will benefit or indulge their habit without damaging the non smokers in public places. So the town council should set up an office or a desk that will accept suggestions from both smokers and non smokers in the hope of accommodating the rights of both parties. As such, the town council should be open to amending the non smoking in private places ruling using the suggestions from the parties concerned. In the end, there is no need to alienate either the non smokers or smokers. Even though there have been countless medical studies, results, and warnings aimed towards the public regarding the hazards of both first hand and second hand smoke, smoking has become a legalized addiction that we have to learn to tolerate or, as the case may be, accommodate. There are a number of ways wherein we can accommodate smokers and non-smokers needs provided that both parties are open to cooperating with each other. The Town Council must to its part as the mediator between the two parties and help them to come to terms and agreements that will be beneficial to all concerned.

Art Proposal essays

Art Proposal essays Through history entertainment has been a very important part of life, from the early days of Egypt to our busy modern schedule in the twenty- first century. During the years entertainment has changed and molded who we are and what our society is like. For the past sixty years board games and card decks of all kinds have been produced to teach, excite and entertain everyone. Parents of my generation and the generation before have sat around tables playing Checkers, Chess, Cards, Monopoly, and other classic games to keep amused. Games provide so much by doing so little in our lives, games help to create a stable foundation in childrens lives. The game and theme I have chosen is Memory in the style of the pop artist Andy Warhol. Memory is a picture based card game, in which the cards are placed in no particular order face down on a table or floor. The object of the game is to take turns flipping one card at a time until you are sure you have seen both of the matching set and recalling them to the other player. At the end of the game, the player with the most cards wins. The pictures used for the deck of Memory cards will be reproductions of Andy Warhols work, and some of my own in Andys style. Simple, interesting, and fun. Three words that describe the game that took up a good part of my childhood. It was played day in and day out and still remains the most favorite game in my memory. Because of this I decided to make a version of my own. The same rules and same idea, but new pictures and more exciting content, a theme that would interest an older crowd and keep the game amusing and attractive for a different audience. I feel that a game like Memory isnt just an excuse to have fun, but an excuse to exercise your brain and learn. To ...

Free Essays on The Actions Of Eudora Welty’s “A Worn Path”

Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† has actions similar to the actions of a Phoenix. Phoenix Jackson is a old women walking through the woods to get to town for her grandson. Phoenix Jackson is intruded with so many obstacles ,but she keeps going on. A Phoenix is a bird that lived forever by regenerating itself. The similarities of Phoenix Jackson and a phoenix are shown in so many ways. Phoenix Jackson in â€Å"A Worn Path† is worthy of her name through her background, description, and characteristics. The background of a Phoenix reflect upon the background of Phoenix Jackson. â€Å"The Phoenix is a bird that, according to legend, lived for hundreds of years, burned itself to ashes on a funeral pyre, and then rose from the ashes to live again†(312). Phoenix Jackson is similar in so many ways. She is a old women who feels like she lives forever like a Phoenix. Phoenix Jackson started her morning off just like a Phoenix. She always had her cane with her so she could tap the ground in front of her. According to the narrator, â€Å"This made a grave and persistent noise in the still air, that seemed meditative like the chirping of a solitary little bird† (306). A Phoenix would always start its morning off with chirping songs. Even though they are different they are alike in so many ways. Phoenix Jackson has a description similar to a Phoenix. A Phoenix is made up of bright colors. It is made up of red, yellow, gold, and black. The narrator uses similar colors of describing Phoenix Jackson. She is being described like a Phoenix: â€Å"A golden color ran underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illuminated by a yellow burning under the dark. Under the red rag her hair came down on her neck in the frailest of ringlets, still black, and with an odor like copper†(306). The colors used to described the appearance of Phoenix Jackson are the colors of a Phoenix. Even though she is not a bird she is similar in many ways ... Free Essays on The Actions Of Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† Free Essays on The Actions Of Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† has actions similar to the actions of a Phoenix. Phoenix Jackson is a old women walking through the woods to get to town for her grandson. Phoenix Jackson is intruded with so many obstacles ,but she keeps going on. A Phoenix is a bird that lived forever by regenerating itself. The similarities of Phoenix Jackson and a phoenix are shown in so many ways. Phoenix Jackson in â€Å"A Worn Path† is worthy of her name through her background, description, and characteristics. The background of a Phoenix reflect upon the background of Phoenix Jackson. â€Å"The Phoenix is a bird that, according to legend, lived for hundreds of years, burned itself to ashes on a funeral pyre, and then rose from the ashes to live again†(312). Phoenix Jackson is similar in so many ways. She is a old women who feels like she lives forever like a Phoenix. Phoenix Jackson started her morning off just like a Phoenix. She always had her cane with her so she could tap the ground in front of her. According to the narrator, â€Å"This made a grave and persistent noise in the still air, that seemed meditative like the chirping of a solitary little bird† (306). A Phoenix would always start its morning off with chirping songs. Even though they are different they are alike in so many ways. Phoenix Jackson has a description similar to a Phoenix. A Phoenix is made up of bright colors. It is made up of red, yellow, gold, and black. The narrator uses similar colors of describing Phoenix Jackson. She is being described like a Phoenix: â€Å"A golden color ran underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illuminated by a yellow burning under the dark. Under the red rag her hair came down on her neck in the frailest of ringlets, still black, and with an odor like copper†(306). The colors used to described the appearance of Phoenix Jackson are the colors of a Phoenix. Even though she is not a bird she is similar in many ways ...

Medication Administration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Medication Administration - Case Study Example Hence, this tablet must be taken strictly according to the doctor's instructions. There is no mention about Mrs. Smith's age. If she is elderly with impaired renal function and low lean body mass, she has to take lower dose than what non-elderly patients do. Higher dose intake is known to cause dizziness, eye disorders, cardiac disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin rashes (Lanoxin). Frusemide is used for hypertension as well as congestive heart failure, pulmonary, renal disorder in adults, children and infants. Diuresis is induced in an hour after the intake of Frusemide. Frusemide is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The dose may comprise 20 mg to 80 mg two to four consecutive days per week, in single dose. If the response is not satisfactory, the dose may be increased by 20 mg to 40 mg after 6 to 8 hours from the first dose intake until the desired dose is established. Symptoms of headache, dizziness, dryness of mouth or visual impairment are known to occur. Patients with cirrhosis of liver are known to develop potassium deficiency. The tablet must be taken strictly under doctor's advice without any chance for overdose (Apo-Frusemide). Span K 600 mg is advised for patients with potassium deficiencies, cardiac failure and hypertension. 1 to 2 tablets are taken three times in a day, preferably during meals. This tablet must be withdrawn at once if there is vomiting or abdominal pains. Caution must be exercised for use for patients with chronic renal disease (Span K). Atenolol 25 mg Atenolol is used in treatment of angina and hypertension. It is also used in treatment to prevent heart attack. This medication must be taken with full glass of water and at the same time every day. Atenolol is only part of a complete program of treatment for hypertension that may also include diet, exercise, and weight control. In case of patients with high blood pressure, it may be necessary to take this drug for the rest of the patient's life. Atenolol can also cause drowsiness, difficulty in breathing, swelling of the face, lips, throat or tongue. If any of these symptoms is noticed, call the doctor at once. Atenolol must be taken exactly as prescribed. Do not stop taking Atenolol without consulting the doctor (Atenolol). Celebrex 100mg SD Celebrex has been used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. It causes reduction in joint pain. Single dose of Celebrex provides pain relief within 30-60 minutes. Celebrex doses of up to 200 mg can be administered without regard to timing of meals. However, care must be taken while administering Celebrex to patients with arthritis. Start use with the lowest recommended dose. Celebrex is known to aggravate hypertension conditions. Also, sometimes, serious gastrointestinal toxicity such as bleeding, ulceration, or perforation of the stomach or intestine has been observed. Patients must stay alert for such symptoms and discontinue use of Celebrex if they occur (Celebrex). Outline if any of these