The Lost Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Lost Iago in Othello In Shakespeares Othello the sinister nature of the ancient casts a pall of uneasiness over the narrative of the play. How can the aversion influence of one character be so pervasive? Let us in this essay probe his character and find answers to our questions. In historical Differences Misogyny and Othello Valerie Wayne exposes Iagos inability to sycophancy women when Desdemona asks him how he would do it Iagos worry that he cannot do what Desdemona asks implies that his dispraise of women was candid and easily produced, while the praise requires labour and inspiration from a source beyond himself. His insufficiency is more surprising because elsewhere in the play Iago appears as a master rhetorician, just as Bloch explains, the misogynistic writer uses rhetoric as a means of renouncing it, and, by extension, woman. (163) First of all, Iagos very words paint him for what he is. Robert Di Yanni in reference work Revealed Through Dialogue states that t he evil antagonist reveals his character quite plainly through his speech Iagos language reveals his coarseness he crudely reduces cozy love to animal copulation. It also shows his ability to make things happen he has infuriated Brabantio. The remainder of the scene shows the consequences of his speech, its power to inspire action. Iago is thus revealed as both an instigator and a man of crude sensibilities. (123) And looking within Iago for the cause can yield the answer that the ancient is psychologically sick. In Shakespeares tetrad Giants Blanche Coles comments on the mental illness that appears to afflict the despicable Iago When such old time critics as H. N. Hudson, who wrote ne... ...o A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The statuesque Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www. eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. Historical Differences Misogyny and Othello. The Matter of Difference Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press, 1991. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The winsome Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Essay --

Jack Zalewski Period 21/1/14John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt, names that speak volumes, and during the end of the nineteenth century they were the quote on quote kings of the United States. With the Civil War over and the United States in a rebuilding process, corporations for steel, oil, and railroads grew rapidly in this time. cock-a-hoop businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The businesses were thriving and driving the economy forward, into a state of balance. These companies also controlled a big destiny of the election outcomes and political ideas. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States ask them to keep the economy.The economy slowly but surely began to supply to a state of balance. The prices of food, lighting, fuel, and housing were lowing as a result of big business. Thomas Edisons creation of the light bulb made lighting homes easier and safer. Farmers were smarter with crop production, and grew what they needed to the grow so they would drop to a lower price but not low enough that it would cause an overproduction.(Doc. A) The North began to increase their use of manufacturing by creating huge factories and increasing the use of railroads. The South had to find a new way to live without the use of slavery. Many southern planters turned to sharecropping as their agricultural base. Sharecroppers were tenant farmers especially in the United States. The would be provided with credit for things such as seed, tools, living quarters, and food. There was a second Industrial regeneration with the increase of factories in the North and even some in the south, and there was a sh... ...successful railroad riots. During the speech a bomb it throw into the crowd killing a policeman, police then raid labor and radical offices. Unions like the American Federation of Labor rose up as a omnipotent unio n against the big businesses. The Civil War is in the past and the United States needed to rebuild. The names of great businessmen like John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. Big businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States needed them to keep the economy. Businesses were thriving and percentage the economy improve, into a state of balance. Big business dominated the United States, but Americans were not having it, like LeBron James blocking Tiago Splitter in the NBA Finals.

Go Ask Alice By Anonymous Essay -- essays research papers fc

Teenagers of every race, religion, and clique relate deeply to the words of the anonymous teenager within the book Go Ask Alice, by an anonymous girl whose life enters a place where, as most teenagers, she has no idea who to turn to, or where to go. "Oh dear god, help me ad only when, help me be accepted, help me belong, dont let me be an outcast and a drag on my family," (Anonymous, 13). With these words, we are accepted into the girls life, and into her heart and mind. I chose this quote because it is integrity quote that I think relates to the theme. She writes in her diary about her life, and her diary is like a best friend. It is someone she can spill all of her secrets to and something to excerpt her feelings. Everyone needs to share his or her feelings in order to live a healthy life.This anonymous girl is a normal fifteen year older teenager who just wants to be popular and fit in. In this book, she goes through many different so-called friends, or people who she thinks she likes. Many of her friends at first, were just plain ordinary kind of dorky kids and she wanted something new. She discovered a new crowd who she thought she could be popular with, but they only lead her to doctor the wrong decisions and to ditch the good friends that she had before. They brought her into the seductive world of drugs. She kept all of her secrets in her diary and she never thought to tell anyone. Not only did she mist it from her good friends, but also she hid it from her parents, who...

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Emilys Strength in Knights Tale Essay

Emilys Strength in Chaucers The Knights Tale This passeth yeer by yeer and day by day, Till it fill ones, in a morwe of May, that Emelye, that fairer was to sene Than is the lylie upon his stalke grene, And fressher than the May with floures newe - For with the rose colour stroof hire hewe, I noot which was the fyner of hem two- (1033-1039) Thus is Emily, the least often discussed of the four central characters in the Knights Tale, described upon her prime(prenominal) important entrance in the tale, when the knights initially view her in all of her loveliness. This description of Emily fits in with the common criticism that she is more a symbol of the yellowish pink and goodness that chivalric nature desires than an actual character with thoughts, actions and emotions of her own (Donaldson 49). However, although Emily does lack an individual nature and depth of mind, she still has a certain po wer and impulsive nature about her that is unusual for a woman in the time period during which Chaucer wrote her story (Spearing 43). Through her prayers to Diana asking to remain chaste, some may solicit that Emily is, once again, merely reacting to an event, rather than having thoughts of her own (Donaldson 49). A stronger point, however, is made in regards to her heritage as an Amazon woman. Rather than remain in keeping with the ha buffalo chipual sentiments of the day and be completely submissive to men, Emily is showing her inherited reluctance to become a subordinate creature (Spearing 43). She is thereby exhibiting a rare bit of strength and showing us that she has power in more ways than one. Often, Emily is said to be a con... ...creature with whom they are faced. In conclusion, this tale, especially through its function of Emily, the rhetorical, perfect, but still strong, symbol, tells us more about ourselves and our lives than a simi lar story with true, individual characters could. By using these ultimate examples, each reader is up to(p) to see the truth behind them and, therefore, learn a bit about life and the actions which people take. Although Emily is a symbol, she still exhibits a marvelous quality of strength, unheeding of her lack of individuality. Works CitedBenson, Larry D., ed. The Riverside Chaucer. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1987.Cooper, Helen. The Structure of The Canterbury Tales. Athens U of Georgia P, 1983.Donaldson, E. Talbot. Speaking of Chaucer. New York Norton, 1970. Spearing, A.C. Chaucer The Knights Tale. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1995.

Buckingham Palace: A Fascinationg Destination Essay -- Royal British M

Buckingham castling, established in 1703, serves as the home of the majestic British monarchy (the queen and her extended family) and provides the perfect setting for special occasions such as weddings, tea parties, and the Changing of the Guard.One of the worlds most significant mental synthesiss is Buckingham Palace. This building has over 50,000 people visit each year for banquets and royal events (NWE 1). Representing the British Empire, the palace symbolizes the British royalty (NWE 1). They constructed it for the Duke of Buckingham (EBP 1). In 1761, George III wanted to buy the sept for his wife, Queen Charlotte, to have a home close to St. James Palace. Here, many court occasions took place. Some of these court occasions included official receptions, royal marriages, and christenings. People referred to this house as The Queens House (History 1). In 1762, the king wanted the house remodeled according to strict requirements. Work started and they used the designs of Sir William Chambers. As work continued, the kings decision took a turn. He wanted to transform the house into a grand palace. He did this with the help of John Nash (Palace 1). legion(predicate) changes occurred in the palace. During the 1800s, they enlarged Buckingham palace. A bomb struck the building during World War 2, stricking a room that became the Queens Gallery in 1962 (EBP 1). During the 1820s, the expose of the house officially became Buckingham Palace. Queen Victoria, the first resident of the Palace in 1837, lived there during the time of her accession into the Palace (40 facts 1). Buckingham Palace, then, became Londons home of the state in the City of Wesminster. The monarch uses it as a headquarters and for many special occasions. Buckingham... ...e over 20,000 sandwiches and 25,000 cups of tea (BH 2). The Changing of the Guards takes action at the forecourt, added to Buckingham Palace in 1911, along with gates and railings (40 facts 1). Changing of the Guard happens at 1130 a.m. This ceremony occurs when the New Guard replaces soldiers that have been on duty at Buckingham Palace and St. James Palace (40 facts 3). The guards at Buckingham Palace may remain in battle gear for quite some time (U.S. WR 2). This ceremony in any case attracts genuinely large crowds at Buckingham Palace (NWE 6).Described as a working building, Buckingham Palace serves as the centerpiece of the British monarchy (Palace 1) and as a home for the Queen. It also serves as an office for the Head of State. Over 800 staff members work at Buckingham Palace. Their jobs include housekeeping, catering, clockmaker, and flagman (40 facts 1).

Buckingham Palace: A Fascinationg Destination Essay -- Royal British M

Buckingham Palace, established in 1703, serves as the home of the royal British monarchy (the Queen and her extended family) and provides the perfect setting for special occasions such as weddings, tea parties, and the Changing of the Guard.One of the worlds most significant buildings is Buckingham Palace. This building has over 50,000 people visit each year for banquets and royal events (NWE 1). Representing the British Empire, the palace symbolizes the British royalty (NWE 1). They constructed it for the Duke of Buckingham (EBP 1). In 1761, George III valued to buy the house for his wife, Queen Charlotte, to have a home close to St. James Palace. Here, numerous another(prenominal) court occasions took place. Some of these court occasions included official receptions, royal marriages, and christenings. People referred to this house as The Queens House (History 1). In 1762, the king wanted the house remodeled according to strict requirements. Work started and they used the designs of Sir William Chambers. As work continued, the kings decision took a turn. He wanted to transform the house into a grand palace. He did this with the help of John Nash (Palace 1). Many changes occurred in the palace. During the 1800s, they enlarged Buckingham palace. A bomb struck the building during solid ground War 2, stricking a room that became the Queens Gallery in 1962 (EBP 1). During the 1820s, the name of the house officially became Buckingham Palace. Queen Victoria, the first resident of the Palace in 1837, lived there during the time of her accession into the Palace (40 facts 1). Buckingham Palace, then, became Londons home of the kingdom in the City of Wesminster. The monarch uses it as a headquarters and for many special occasions. Buckingham... ...e over 20,000 sandwiches and 25,000 cups of tea (BH 2). The Changing of the Guards takes action at the forecourt, added to Buckingham Palace in 1911, along with gates and railings (40 facts 1). Changi ng of the Guard happens at 1130 a.m. This ceremony occurs when the New Guard replaces soldiers that have been on duty at Buckingham Palace and St. James Palace (40 facts 3). The guards at Buckingham Palace may remain in battle gear for quite some time (U.S. WR 2). This ceremony also attracts very large crowds at Buckingham Palace (NWE 6).Described as a working(a) building, Buckingham Palace serves as the centerpiece of the British monarchy (Palace 1) and as a home for the Queen. It also serves as an office for the Head of State. Over 800 staff members work at Buckingham Palace. Their jobs include housekeeping, catering, clockmaker, and flagman (40 facts 1).

Ethics, values, and social responsibility Essay

In the finance field in that location are a number of h whizst issues although many issues in this field are governed by law. Ethical issues in finance allow private conduct, financial institution operations and financial markets operations. In this field people are trained to perform different duties and thus finance ethics is diversified. However, the top five issues in this field include satin flower and fairness, fraud, conflicts of interest, discrimination and knowledge technology. Honesty and fairness in this field has raised oftentimes dispute.Because of the intense competition in the world, many people view the conditions in a work to be similar to those in a game of sport or war and thus anything is considered to be fair. On the former(a) pay there are those who argue that non everything is considered to be honest and fair. This has therefore led to ethical issues in this field regarding what is honest and fair and what is not. Conflicts of interest is chiefly ob served in situations where an soul is placed in a position of making a decision on whether to pursue personal interests or the interests of other individuals or business.Similar, it can involve an organization making a choice on whether to pursue own interests or the interest of the society. The issue concerning fraud in general entails the disclosure of valuable data which is vitally important for security. It also involves misrepresentation of material evidence intentionally. There are several types of fraud and this may include accounting, marketing and consumer fraud. Discrimination is an ethical issue which can involve an individual or a business. Some individuals or businesses abuse others by enticing them and exploiting them.In addition to that it may include issues regarding race, gender among others. To add to that there are more or less cases which involve price discrimination. In information technology, the issue entails the secrecy and confidentiality of informatio n on matters concerning the employees and consumers. Privacy and confidentiality is essential in this field however there may be approximately cases where it is not ensured. This has therefore led to ethical issues concerning what is privacy. In addition to that there are ethical issues which involve protection of intellectual property.Ranking The top five issues can be arranged in move order as honest and fairness, conflict of interest, fraud, discrimination and information technology (College of Micronesia, n. d. ). Honesty and fairness are major issues since they affect all levels of an organization, and are much experienced by society. Furthermore, controlling this issue other issues will be taken care of. For instance, an organization which is honest and fair, issues concerning fraud, discrimination, conflict of interest and information technology are minimal. Analysis Honesty and fairnessIn the financial market fairness is taken to mean a level playing field for everyone. Ho wever, in most cases the playing field is unleveled and this can be attributed to issues concerning inequalities in the bargaining power, possession of information, resources available, among others. Inequalities in the bargaining power and resources are considered to be ethical scarcely when used coercively and violate rights and obligations (Frederick, 2002). This implies that individuals or organization are only allowed to use their advantages in ways that are considered fair to others.Additionally, individuals can use their resources to acquire information which they are entitled to exploit to their advantage. This has made access to information an issue of investment thereby leading to inaccessibility to critical information by some individuals. To acquire information individual must invest able resources. Ethical issues arise over accessibility of information, how the information should be distributed to ensure equality. Fraud In sales concerning financial products like insu rance policies, loans, mutual funds among others, application of ethical standards is a requirement.Hence businesses are given the mandate to ensure adequate material information is available. There are regulatory agencies which monitor prospectus for mutual funds, however, personal sales and advertisements can contain false or conduct information (Frederick, 2002). Additionally, this is an issue which has been observed in the stock market and in many businesses. Some individuals conceal valuable information to lure more customers to their businesses. For instance, in the stock market assets of a particular organization may be inflated or some of its liabilities may be concealed.This issue has led to banging losses in many investment companies and to individuals (Frederick, 2002). Since assessing the risk and suitability for an investment has been made difficult with inadequate material information. Conflict of interest This is issue which is to begin with observed in agents, fid uciaries and financial managers, in which the personal interest interferes with the interests of the organization or society. Agents and fiduciaries are given the mandate to act on behalf of others in exercising judgment, however, in cases where they stand to gain personally their judgments may be compromised.Additionally, financial managers are given the mandate to manage assets prudently and thus avoid employ them for personal gains however, in some cases conflict of interest might occur. For instance, management buyouts whereby a group of managers take a public organization to be close are an ethical issue. This issue occurs mainly since the actions to be performed by an individual are not fully specified before the transaction and thus an individual is given a wide range of options. In addition to that they are not closely monitored and evaluated. This has led to huge losses being incurred by individuals and companies.For instance, some banks have collapse and this was attrib uted to rogue traders (Frederick, 2002). Discrimination This issue observed mainly in financial products and it involves abusive practices of selling such as flipping and twisting. In flipping one loan is replaced by another for generation of additional fees. While in twisting, insurance agents persuade their clients to replace the existing policy in order to wee-wee commission (Frederick, 2002). Some financial institution abuse poor individuals by offering them loans of high interest and by adding little values to lure them.Furthermore, in some institutions there are cases of discrimination in employment on matters concerning race and gender. Information technology Maintaining privacy and confidentiality of information in many business has been difficult because of the cost of technology. As technology advances it exits more expensive to ensure privacy of employees and clients information. Furthermore, with the increase in number of people of accessing the internet maintaining pr ivacy and confidentiality has become difficult.This has therefore led to loss of confident by the public since they cannot trust some organizations to protect their personal information. Solutions and recommendations The issue of conflict of interests can be turn to by closely monitoring individuals and by changing the structure of the relationship. For instance, the commissions can be focused mainly on performance of the clients portfolios and not on the volumes of sales. Additionally, professionalism, trust and codes of ethics should be strongly emphasized in relationships in order to guarantee the confidence from the society.Fraud and discrimination issues can be solved in courts. There are laws which were put in place in place to protect people against abuse or discrimination. For instance, the Employment make protects employees against discrimination and harassment. Furthermore, the pre-dispute arbitration agreement should be amended or individuals should avoid it. This agree ment may have several advantages but denies adequate protection to investors. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality of clients and employees information require much funding.It is essential for organizations to invest more funds in acquiring knowledge and skills concerning privacy and confidentiality in the information technology. By ensuring privacy and confidentiality, public confidence will be build. Social responsibility is essential for ensuring ethical standards are maintained in the society. When making decisions, people should consider their make to the society and to themselves. This will ensure that ethical issues are maintained. Additionally, since businesses cannot be trusted to maintain ethical standards, some laws have been passed to ensure social responsibility.For instance there are laws concerning consumer safety and environment protection. This is a step forward in ensuring ethical standards. Furthermore, there are some financial institutions which have develope d and employ strict policies that ensure ethical standards are adhered. For instance there are policies concerning privacy and confidentiality of employees and customers information. In conclusion, maintenance of ethical standards should not be the responsibility of an individual or an organization but should involve the whole society.By maintaining ethical standards the society and organizations will be protected from any harm and at the said(prenominal) time eliminate conflict. Even though ethical standards vary from one society to another, they should be understood and maintained adequately.Reference listCollege of Micronesia, (n. d. ). Code of Ethics. Retrieved June 18, 2009 from http//www. comfsm. fm/dleeling/alo/personnel/code_of_ethics. html Frederick R. (2002). A companion to business ethics. Edition 1. New York Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 154-59.

What is multimeter

The multimeter that is commonly called as multitester is excessively known as VOM or volt/ohm meter is an electronic quantity device that has the capacity to measure the current, metro and the AC or DC voltage accurately. This device is very important in troubleshooting electrical problem it is all in industrial or household apparatus such as appliances, batteries, motor controls, switches, power supplies and wiring system. A post office engineer in the early 1920 invented the multimeter and he is Donald Macadie. There are two main types of multimeters, the analog and the digital.An analog multimeter represents the amount of current, voltage, or resistance using its moving pointer over a printed scale and needs an interpretation, while a digital multimeter has numerical displays that indicate a straightforward decimal read out of the three quantities. A digital multimeter seems more accurate and precise than an analog because in analog, parallax error can be encountered while in digital it shows automatically the exact esteem with the right range set. Just like with the common device, multimeter has basic parts also.They are meter scale, test probe, pointer even ups, selector function range, and zero adjust for ohmmeter. In using any apparatus, safety essential think first. When using the multimeter, one must be responsible and aware enough in acquiring the amount of the quantities. As for example, it is not possible to measure voltage in the current based setting because it may short due to low resistance or can cause explosion. Thats why, see to it that there is a fuse before using the multimeter and the insulation of the probes and wires for safety and prevention purposes.For troubleshooting purposes, one must confirm that the internal battery is not flat and the internal fuse is still working the probes should be in the right socket and polarity lastly, observe the level dial setting. Nowadays, some of the advanced models of a multimeter can measur e inductance, temperature, duty cycle, capacitance and frequency. It can also test or try diodes and transistor. This multimeter can also be used as an oscilloscope. For me, multimeter has many uses that could help the people who are in need of it.ReferencesAll about Circuits http//www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_6/chpt_2/1.html What is a Multimeter? http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-multimeter.htm What is a digital multimeter? http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-digital-multimeter.htm What is a multimeter? www.tech-faq.com/multimeter.html

Why Education Is Important to Me?

Desiree Johnson AC1208297 Achieving Academic Excellence EN110 Writing Assessment 5_06 January 13, 2013 Why college grooming is important to me Being a teacher is the showtime step to changing the youth of todays minds one brain at a time. I feel education is the key in making a c beer driven person. I spot m all say education begins in the home but thats just the nucleotide to a college ready child teachers atomic number 18 often the second source of this very important foundation. We are the tools used to make a child ready for coming(prenominal) they are sack to have.It procures even better with all the new ways you can be college ready or even attend colleges around the world. not just the old fashion paper and pencil deal we can use the technology today to be a college graduate. plain so it tranquil needs the knowledge of an instructor who is educated to lead a college student to a career. You just dont expect someone with lack of start trying to educate you about so mething they absolutely know nothing about. Thats you I know college is important to me because I want children to succeed and dream the or so spontaneous dream.I want children to walk away and feel the difference I made in the their life. Thats the joy of being an educator but to get there I have to get a college degree to teach. Its my dream and it maybe a far aim but Im shooting for it and hoping not to miss. I knew I wanted to work with as a teacher since high take aim but not just any teacher. I want to teach in special education field with the pre-school. College was the only way to reach my dream of being an educator. As we all know life as a whole different way of letting you reach your goals.This made me decided to do online it would be my only option because we both have to work to support the family and we got married so young. I took and interest in our local Pre- school and as Childcare workers article says, Often, these positions require bare training such as a bac helors or masters degree. To many Pre- School teachers need help in opening some other center and I have a go at it to lead the classes. To teach the special needs student on how to live a normal life as possible with build the stable foundation they we need in the future.They face a difficult world out there and I know they need as much help as they can get. I currently work with them and I enjoy coming to work seeing the big difference some of us make. So I thought what better way then to help them as early as pre-k. Why college education is important to me With this economy down fall jobs are a little hard to find. I found that schools are ever in need of educators with experience or a degree. As a Pre school aide we have tons of trainings to keep up to date on laws and requirements.In addition, teachers are eternally in training or going back to college to gain more knowledge of the changing world around us. I always think there is always room for improvement big or small. I know as an educator there is training almost every weekend to train on a new program to introduce to the classrooms. I know a good degree means hard work and dedication to getting to my goal. Even passing all exams and the state tests requirements. Its going to be all worth it when I have the paper in my hand saying I can teach and accomplish my big dream.My reasons why to go to college can often be answered in simple one word money. As the BIG PAY OFF says, Average gain ranged from $18,900 for high school dropouts to $25,900 for high school graduates, $45,400 for college graduates, and $99,30 for workers with professional degrees (M. D. J. D, D. D. S, OR D. V. M. . Lets face it with kids and household needs are not getting any cheaper. Even as a family of four we still living pay check to pay check with both us working and even taking up extra activities to make a little extra income.Every cent counts when you dont know whats going to be your next check. Thats why I know a stead y job thats always going to be in need no matter where we go is what I need. This education degree testament give me just what Im looking for a job that is successful. As of now my job is paying well but there is always a chance that I can be let go due to budget cuts. As pre-k teacher I can move to another district but as a health aide its a rarely any job openings. I know teachers are always need at any district you go to.Thats also a big factor in why being an educator is a good growing field and it has some great opportunities. Someone taught us and inspired us. No one really wakes-up one day and says I want to go to college to fail. We go for a reason or a deeper thought of earning a better life. We are all eager to learn. Rather it is in education or in our careers. With this in mind, technology just makes it easier to accomplish our dreams of a better life and career for our future in college. In my eyes the teacher is one of the most important people in a young childs life. More than often its where a lot of life lessons are learned at in school. A teacher shapes a student into being a future educator or help to reach their dreams. Even now technology is a big part of our teaching. Even now some high schools are using laptops and other forms of technology as a source of teaching. So education and technology lay the foundation for a child to see dreams and look for the possible future too come. Bibliography Often, these positions require surplus training such as a bachelors or masters degree. (2008). Highest paying jobs without college.MyPlan. com, LLC, 2009 Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, 2008. Retrieved on 2/10/13 from http//www. myplan. com/careers/top-ten/highest-paying-without-college. php Average dinero ranged from $18,900 for high school dropouts to $25,900 for high school graduates, $45,400 for college graduates, and $99,30 for workers with professional degrees (M. D. J. D, D. D. S, OR D. V. M. Day, J. C. , Newburger, E. C. , The Big Payoff Educational attainment and Synthetic Estimates of Work-Life Earnings, U. S. Department of Commerce, 2002. Retrieved on 2/15/13 from

Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in NSW

Evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal umpire constitution in NSWThe NSW criminal jurist system relates to all aras associated with the law and law enforcement, including those who ar incarcerated, on probation, or suspected of committing a criminal offence. In evaluating the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in NSW there are three issues which can be considered alternatives to gaol, charge negotiation and the office staff of the courts.These issues promote or demote the effectiveness of the NSW criminal justice system, especially when evaluated in terms of equality, accessibility, resource efficiency, and the balance of rights for victims, offenders and society. These issues are as well discussed widely in the media, which presents a different perspective for many of these issues, and provides the necessary squelch required to initiate law reform on these issues.One of the most important issues in the NSW criminal justice system is the availability of alternati ves in punishment, apart from incarceration. Apart from criminal infringement notices, there are many more proficient alternatives to a prison sentence, including home detention. Home detention, created under the Home clasp Act 1996 (NSW), is applicable for certain offenders, who start committed non-violent crimes and have been sentenced to less than 18 months imprisonment.Home detention is likely to be controversial for more serious offences such as murder or sexual assault, as there is possible high risk of reoffending. Community service orders are also functional as a means of shaming and punishing offenders, while facilitating rehabilitation by requiring a period of amending their wrongs towards the community. Diversionary programs are used to divert certain offenders from reoffending, finished rehabilitation. Over 150 offenders a year complete The Drug Courts diversionary program.According to the NSW Crime Bureau analysis of the effectiveness of the Drug court, they found that 37% of criminals were less likely to be reconvicted for any offence, 65% were less likely to be reconvicted for offences against the person and 57% were less likely to be reconvicted for a dose offence. The use of these alternatives are effective in terms of the aforementioned criteria as it provides a sense of equality between different members of society tried for the kindred crimes, as they each have the capacity to be given the same diversionary program, as long as they satisfy the necessary criteria.The diversionary programs are very resource efficient as they typically cost less per day than the $205 necessary for the average prison inmate. It also provides a balance of rights for the victims and the offenders, as well as society as they are all benefiting from these programs. chill negotiation, including plea obturategaining, is where charges are either dropped, or reduced in return for an first guilty plea, as set out in the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999. There are many issues associated with charge negotiation, as shown through True Plea on Justice, a Daily Telegraph article published on October 11th 2010, which details the plight of victims of crime, who are not told of the charge negotiation taking place, until they heed the trial. Under new guidelines from the state government, prosecutors must now complete a certificate detailing the consultation with victims and their families.This reform of current guidelines shows the inadequacies when regarding the balance of rights for victims, although this issues is being rectified. Charge negotiation is also effective when assessed for resource efficiency, as the cost of a sometimes lengthy trial is avoided. The role of the courts is imperative to having an effective legal system. The role of the courts is to ensure a fair trial ensues.Equality within the court system is a major concept, and is exemplified through the necessary impartiality of magistrates, judges and juries. at once ag ain to ensure equity judges and magistrates are bound to follow precedent, or follow sentencing guidelines according to the Criminal Procedure Amendment (Sentencing Guidelines) Act 1998. Many of the crimes prosecuted are outlined in the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), which is accessible to all members of the public, under the rule of law.The courts attempt to use resources efficiently by using juries in all matters bar summary offences, and by requiring leave to seek appeal when appealing to the Supreme Court to ensure that court resources are not tied up in unsupported appeals. The courts also provide a balance for victims, offenders and society, by providing necessary sentences the magistrate or judge feels is necessary to reflect the standards of society, ensure a fair outcome for victims and also to not be excessive to offenders.The criminal justice system in NSW is effective in the sense that it provides an equal, accessible and resource efficient system in which justice is achieved. It also provides an impartial field for offenders to be tried, and as such come to outcomes that benefit the victim and society as a whole. There have been recent developments to ensure this balance remains, as is the case of victims regarding charge negotiation, showing the development and thus effectiveness of the criminal justice system in reflecting societies beliefs and values.

Pre Revolutionary War Attitudes

By the 1750s, the Statesns began to query their involvement with the British Empire by establishing their own identity and unity as Americans. The colonist began to see a strong display of British oppression. Taxes and the unalike Acts, such as the Intolerable Acts caused the colonists to believe that it would be better if they were separated from their mother country. colonists also felt that more or less of their rights and liberties were being taken away by the British Empire. By the eve of the revolution colonist had a sense of identity of an American.America became the melting pot of the world. Colonist began to think of themselves as a new race of men (Document H). Colonist slowly dismissed their ancient dispositions and demeanor and accommodated new ones (Document H). With a natural obstacle (the ocean) between Great Britain and America, colonist started to think of the colonies as a separate nation (Document B). The ocean caused the colonist to believe that they were sepa rated from the mother land for a reason (Document B). They believed that the ocean was in that location to prevent the colonies from blending with Great Britain (Document B).Since colonists were separated from Great Britain they considered having their own congress (Document D). The colonist would rather have three g-force people who is living near them and who can see the problems they are facing govern them rather than have one person govern them that isnt there and doesnt know whats going on in the area the colonist are located at (Document D). Another act of identity is channelize in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). During those years Boston wasnt relying on Great Britain to provide them with donations of goods, such as food, animals, or money (Document G).This illustrates that the colonies dont need to expose on Great Britain and they can depend on the other colonies alternatively. Throughout these events it is evident that the colonists are displaying a sense of identity. Befor e the revolution, the colonist displayed some acts of unity. In 1754, a picture of a cut up snake was posted in the Pennsylvania Gazette (Document A). Benjamin Franklin once said, If not united to plant a whole snake, then the snake cannot survive. The picture displayed that if the colonies do not come together as one united nation, it is possible that the different colonies could perish (Document A).This picture could have motivated the colonies to act as one nation. In 1774, it was said that a very small corrupted Junto, a egotism appointed committee in New York acknowledged the idea that all of North America was united (Document C). The Junto also acknowledged that North America was determined to defend their rights and liberties endlessly against Great Britain (Document C). On July 6, 1775, the representatives of the United Colonies of North America met in Congress at Philadelphia to talk about going to struggle (Document E).Colonists were daring to start rebellions and resi st their authority to preserve their liberties (Document E). The representatives were under the impression that all the colonist had the same state of mind. They thought that they would rather die as freemen rather than like slaves (Document E). Another unifying act of the colonies was when many of the colonies donated food, animals, money, and etc to Boston in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). The colonies donated goods due to the Intolerable Acts, when the British closed the Boston ports.This illustrates that the colonist were ordain to come and work together to help other colonies in need. Throughout these events it is evident that the colonists are displaying a sense of unity. Throughout history there has been many acts of Americans developing a sense of identity and unifying as one nation. Americans were very devoted to making sure they were not taken advantage of by Great Britain. Although Americans had to fight for their independence and their liberties they were able to push and break free from the British Empire.

Corporate Social Responsibility of Maruti Suzuki

while working to enhance shareholder wealth , Maruti Suzuki will regularly engage with all stakeholders to mensurate their needs and through its products, run , conduct and management initiatives , promote their sustained growth and well being Policy Guidelines Company will follow responsible for(p) business practices in all its function and operations and will sieve to implement them at its suppliers, dealers and other business partners.Company will touch to remain before of law in pursuit of purlieu protection and energy conservation at its manufacturing facilities, and in discipline of products that use fewer natural resources and are environment friendly Company will deeply committed towards the welfare of its employees, their families and communities around its operations to improve quality of life as whole.Company will develop products and services that fulfill the aspirations of customer,delight them with after sales services and availability of spares, build a strong and lasting bond with them and proactively support them during natural calamities Company will continue to provide technological and managerial support to its suppliers and dealers to further their profitable and sustainable growth.As an expression of thanks to the local community and the people of the country, company will encounter initiatives that might not be directly linked to its business Company will partner with government, NGOs, business partners to contribute positively towards economic and human development of the society especially underprivileged people.Company will encourage and recognize its employees for volunteering in the community in the sprit of serving and sharing their expertise and skills Company will strive to constantly build organizational capabilities, like any other competency, position suitable people and have a proper organizational structure to plug implementation of CSR policy, guidelines and programs.Company will engage with reputed external agenci es for audit of its CSR activities for the purpose of identifying areas of improvemet , authenticity of data reporting Company will monitor the progress on conglomerate CSR programs in a structured manner, document the performance against the set targets and publish a report every year on its CSR performance and share it marbles its key stake-holders.

Hardball Essay

Hardball Essay The political game is a dog eat dog world, in that location are several factors that determined weather a politician will be successful or not. Having alliances, enemies, and deals is all part of it. In the book Hardball How goernment is Played written by Chris Mathews explains what it takes to have ahead in politics and how to avoid disasters techniques previously wontd by others. Its not who you know its who you get to know. Forming alliances is very important when trying to climb the ladder higher in politics. In 1949 LBJ joined the senate and by the end of 1952 he had won the line of reasoning of top elective leader.Before anything of this happened LBJ had a plan to achieve this, and it is called the Johnson treatment. It is when one goes one customer at a time, in order to know the customers important. This in turn got LBJ a lot of support because of all the people he was able to communicate with on a individualized level. The smaller the group to retail is always better. Clinton wasted no time getting to know as many as possible. He began to run for appetizer class president on his first of campus, started networking at Oxford and Yale law school.He also volunteered in the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern, by the time Clinton ran for US relation in 1974 he already had many connections under his belt. Niccolo Machiavelli warned future politicians in 1513 to stay close to people they are ruling. Three centuries later, Tomas P Tip O Neill coined the term, all politics are local. He understood that in order to be a successful politician, he had to appeal tothe simple, mundane and day-after-day concerns of those who elect them into office.Those personal issues, rather than big and intangible ideas, are often what voters care most about, according to this principle. In 1950 when Congressman Richard Nixon was running for the US Senate from California, he was running up against actress Helen Gahagan Douglas. Nixon needed to form an alliance with Earl Warren but he was against the idea. Mrs. Douglas was encouraging Warrens neutrality by not endorsing the Democratic candidate. Nixons people saw an opening, they would appeal not to his party but to his heart Earl Warren.Nixon set up a trap and worked, he would never net profit Warrens friendship but nonetheless won his help and thats what was most important. It matters little what terrain you are competing on the key to winning over allies is to focus on their sensitive points. A politician will subscribe enemies because of their varied point of view on certain issue. Good politicians energise hands with their enemies and easily talk with them. LBJ once say, Better to have em inside the tent pissin out than outside pissin in. During the time Lincoln was president he had an entire administration filled with people who were angry and all felt that theyd make a better president him. This is smart because once you have your enemies working with you they cant bad mouth you and their interests collide with yours. Having enemies work for you makes people trust you, because it gives off the impression youre open minded. Politician use ridicule in order to ingest down their opponent, so its best if one come up with a quick witty honour because ignoring it is the worst possible thing one can do.It proves to people that the statement is true. Jimmy Carter ignored the Keep you enemies in front of you rule and paid for it dearly. Having get the better of the Democratic establishment on his way to the Oval Office, carter soon found out that same establishment was rooting for his downfall. His own administration had cut off. defeat and anger is a factor that can deter a politician from getting ahead in the world of politics. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in jail and later became president of South Africa. When Nelson Mandela was made prime minister of South America, he didnt hold a grudge that he had been detain but rather worked past it . Francis Patrick Sullivan was a whole different story. He had the goal to one day land a job on Capitol Hill, his riddle was that he thought that be meeting with congressmen at nightspot would charm them. Professionals like to keep their private and office life separated. He was managing a dramaturgy campaign, make Herbie a winner. A day later Herbie told Sullivan that he wasnt cut out for politic.This ruined Sullivan he spent years drinking and tear down changed political parties in order to go against Herbie. A lot of politician their lives have been obsessively focused on a single bad break, in order to survive and grown as a professional one should use those bad experience and use them to avoid a future mishap. vindicate never leads to anything straightforward. Once again never ignore an insult, to the public that can be seen as an admission of guilt. Respond to attacks immediately and dont allow them get away with anything.Dukakis was accused of being a bleeding heart li beral and then went to an interview and said he wouldnt push the decease penalty on someone who raped and killed a girl. Since he didnt respond to the attack, it made if worse he had to pay the price. There are third tactics to ruin someone. 1) Catch em in a lie Daniel Moynihan won an election by catching inconsistancies in his opponents stories. 2) Ridicule When FDR was accused of direct a military destroyer to find his dog Fala, he gave his famous Fala speech that made his opponents look stupid 3) Jujitsu, Force of the opponents own attack to bring him down. When Texan Jack Brooks was accused of being a Communist, he said hed shoot the next man who called him a Red. secrecy is the ultimate weapon of power. You should always have your ears open and ask everyone around you to tell you everything. There are several different example where silence proves slant sound. Tip ONeill was a big fan of this rule. Newt Gingrich, his successor, failed to do this and allowed press in conferen ces, which led to his name being associated with bad news amongst the public. Lyndon Johnson said I aint never learned nothing talkin. Churchill became prime minister because he remained silent and forced the previous prime minister to tell freely about his wanting Churchill to advance. JFKs silence helped him in the missile crisis. Sometime when you give someone the satisfaction of telling them theyre right, you can get them to concede on the more important tangible issues. Being able to survive and being a good politician are to completely different things. Chris Matthews explained this in his book. The game of politics has a lot of different strategies not sometime work and other times dont. Only a good politician would know what to do.

Linguistics and Language Essay

?Write ab egress the 2 theories of 1st quarrel skill and choose which most ten adaptedand provide examples and relevant literature hotshot you realize Michelle In this shew, I go out explain as well as comp atomic number 18 two theories of first expression encyclopaedism, behaviourism and innatism. I will explore the differences between them in such categories as the role of the bookman, the role of the surroundings and as well as their strengths and weaknesses. I will then state and explain which one I find more(prenominal) than tenable with examples of relevant literature. Role of the Learner behaviourism, credited to B. F.Sk inward in the 1950s, states that the student knows null to start with, he is an empty slate o1 to be taught. The apprentice is passive and chinks by positive- banish reinforcement, alone repeating what he exposes. Innatism, credited to Noam Chomsky in 1965, states that the prentice is wired from birth for actors line. The reckoner is eq uipped with a familiar, a lecture encyclopaedism device. This device whollyows the learner to discover the rules of his langu term, some(prenominal) speech. Role of the Environment Behaviorism states that the role of the milieu is key and vital to the knowledge process.The environment is the active agent while the learner is the passive agent. The environment produces the necessary quarrel input for the learner. It is up to the environment to give positive and negative reinforcement for the learner. Innatism states that the role of the environment is minimal because it only acts as the trigger for tuition. It is as well thinking the environment is flawed and gouget be relied upon to always give perfect in brass. Therefore, it is up to the learner to find the rules of the languageo2 . Strengths There atomic number 18 a few strengths to support the behaviorism surmisal.It is easy to monitor the learners effect. This is how p arnts (as hearers) usually teach their pea santren, with nurturing which puts emphasis on the role of the environment. This possible action prat as well as explain why learners wear the ability to memorize. On the other hand, there are several strengths of the innatism theory. A learner can non memorize all the possible different language and grammar combinations that he learns through the environment. The fissure helps the learner to generalize rules and make his profess creative use of the language.A nipper will resist using an irregular form because of over-generalizing, and he will create his own form of a word according to the rules that he has internalized. And these rules dont necessarily conform to adult grammar rules which include many a nonher(prenominal) exceptions. By applying these internalized and generalized rules, a child is able to acquire a language at a fast pace. o3 Weaknesses The Behaviorism theory only cards for the accomplishance of the learner, and non on his competence. The learner is pa ssive, so this theory does not focus on the learners capitulum and knowledge.It also does not explain why children acquire a language so promptly even if they are exposed to different environments. In addition, this theory also doesnt offer an directing of why children over-generalize rules such as the simple past tense of irregular verbs even though they hear irregular forms in the environment. There are also several weaknesses to the Innatism theory. One of the first weaknesses is that it demands the existence of the oral communication Acquisition Device (LAD), its existence is difficult to prove and is immeasurable.This theory also doesnt take into account different kinds of learners, just ideal learners with ideal grammar. The environment plays a minor role in this theory, so it doesnt take into account the social aspect of the learner. My Opinion Looking at the two of these theories, I find the Innatism theory the most tenable. In my own experience with my children and stu dents, the learners do not always stick my behavior. This usually occurs with irregular patterns, particularly past tense verbs.This is similar to the wug test where a child will form a past tense of a verb that he has never heard before by applying the general grammar rules that he has acquire. This behavior cannot be memorized and must be driven by an internal structure. other reason to support this theory is that learners with impaired watchword fetch been able to learn the structure of language. It has also been proved that American Sign Language which is taught to the deaf also has its own language structure. In addition, the population of Creole languages supports the theory. As a Creole develops, grammar and structure are built in.The LAD would account for the shaping of these languages as well as for creative uses of language by a learner. Conclusion In this essay I keep up explained two theories of language acquisition, behaviorism and innatism. In doing so, I loo k at explained the different roles of the learner as well as the environment. I have also explored strengths and weaknesses of each theory and why I support the innatism theory over the behaviorism theoryo4 . o1Good one, I forgot this in my essay o2Do you moot you should mention want of stimulus here? o3ording? o4Well done Michelle.Do you think you should include UG and CPH in your essay? I think UG is an important part of Innatism, what do you think? __________________________________________________________________ David One theory of first language acquisition is world-wide Grammar, set forth by Chomsky in 1959 as a response to Skinners (1957) vocal Behavior. Whereas the latter theory, proposed that the learning of language is through the acquisition of habits, which are positively or negatively reinforced, Chomsky posited that man postdate into the world with an indispensable language faculty in their mind, or a universal grammar. ecumenic grammar is built off of two prop ositions, that all languages are governed by a set of universal principles, and that the mind is equipped with parameters which are set intuitively by the child according to the language input they receive. UG researchers have found a number of universal principles. One of the more prominent principles is structure dependence. Structure dependency states that all sentences regardless of the language are built off of propositions that carry both a noun and a verb phrase in other words, every sentence in every language must have at least a subject and a verb (Chomsky, 1959).One parameter setting that is contained in the LAD is the flip setting. Some languages such as English are head first, other languages such as Japanese are head last. Various telephone lines have been used to support the existence of universal grammar. Chomsky (1959) has proposed the poorness of the stimulus argument, positing that the input children receive cannot account for what they produce, and therefore, c hildren must have an connatural facility. He argues that the input is mar in two ways first it contains a hodgepodge of performance slips, and secondly, it does not contain any negative evidence.How do children acquire language when they dont know what they cant say, or how do they learn to speak decryly when the input they here is at times in correct? They do so, according to Chomsky, through this innate capacity. Jackendoff (1994) offers other argument in support of universal grammar, the argument from expressive bod. Jackendoff argues that given that languages are recursive, there is simply no way of storing all of the possible sentences one can create in ones mind. In other words, sentences dont come from habits, but rather from creative verbiage.Universal grammar has had a lot of capital in language acquisition theory, although it has been critiqued on some fronts. Connectionists, particularly, N. Ellis (2006) has argued that language acquisition is not due to an innate f aculty and the creative expression of humans, but equates it to a usage-based approach where children learning piecemeal frequently reoccurring chunks of language. Another argument against the innate language faculty is that UG researchers have claimed that only humans have access to syntax, yet this has been found not to be true.Certain animals, such as the humpback whale and songbirds have been found to possess a recursive syntax, suggesting that syntax and language may have evolved from lower order primates. Whereas universal grammar dispirits with language from the inside, Sociocultural theory, another prominent first language acquisition, posits language acquisition begins from the outside. Vygotsky, the founder of sociocultural theory, argues that language is a psychological tool, which children acquire and learn to manipulate as they interact with their environment and with more capable peers (Vygotsky, 1978).Children first learn language as they interact with their parents. Parents use caretaker lecturing, which makes it easier for the child to understand and grasp a h white-haired on the concepts of the language. As the child begins to understand and produce simple utterances, they are able to use the language to talk terms their psychological functioning (Vygotsky, 1978). Vygotsky argues that children begin learning language by first learning single words, which are pure meaning.As they develop their language skills, and engage in social speech, single word sentences are augmented through incorporation of non-meaningful elements, such as functionwords, and the childs thoughts and words begin to develop more sense meanings. For instance, where the word cat for the 1 or two year old child could have served as an exemplar for all cats, by the time the child is nine, and having undergone a variety of experiences related to cat, they have imbibed the word with their own unique senses.Thus syntax and word senses expand, the more a child learns. Now, whe reas social speech began from one and create into many, inner speech, the speech that goes on inside of our heads becomes more and more truncated.Vygotsky argues, contrary to Piaget, that egocentric speech does not disappear rather it becomes internalized as inner speech. And this inner speech is something that could not be understood by anybody but the person who is thinking it. Vygotsky suggests that just as people who have known each other for many years, and who have had a large heart of experiences together exhibit language tendencies of shortened syntax because of their historical shared experience, a persons inner speech also exhibits this characteristic, but even more so the stuff of thought is nothing but psychological predicates (Vygotsky, 1978).One of the primary ways humans learn anything, according to Vygotsky, is through the regularize of proximal development. This concept explains that what a person can do today with assistance, they can do tomorrow by themselves ( Vygotsky, 1978). Applied to first language acquisition, the child may receive help from an expert, such as their parents, who point at objects and say their name, for example, cat. After influenceing this, the child may repeat cat straightway after. The next day, as the child sees the cat, it says the word cat without needing to be told by their parents.The closer an expert is able to gauge ones ZPD, the more optimal the learning environment becomes. __________________________________________________________Laleh Innatism Chomsky (1959) opposed Skinners (1957) behaviorist viewpoint in language acquisition, who claimed that language acquisition takes place through habit formation and stimulus-response. Skinner, believed that as a child acquires language, he internalizes a finite set of responses to stimuli. Chomsky on the other hand, believes that language acquisition is rule governed and that children construct their own rules, which may not comply with adult rules.Chomsky maintai ns that languages consist of an boundless number of sentences and cannot be learned through habit formation. Language is too complex to be learned in such a short amount of time (Chomsky, 1959). He believes that every human is innate(p) with an innate language learning capacity, which is embedded in the language acquisition device (LAD). Chomsky believes that all language share grammatic structures. This is called universal grammar (UG). Proof of UG includes poverty of stimulus, which explains how children acquire the language despite their limited video and incorrect input they may receive.Another evidence for UG that languages are recursive, (Jackendoff, 1994). It is impossible to know all the possible combinations however, they are learned by children. According to UG, there must be some sort of innate capacity that provides the additional information. The fact that children are resistant to correction once again proves that language is developed through an innate capacity. Acc ording to Chomsky (1959), all languages share principles, which are invariable across languages. For example, noun phrases and verb phrases. This is called structure dependency. all told languages have verbs and nouns. What distinguishes languages from each other according to Chomsky, are parameters, which are language specific. For example, some languages are head first, and some are head last. In relation to UG, Eric Lenneberg (1967) introduced the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), which is a window of language learning opportunity before puberty. Proponents of CPH believe after this period, language learning becomes a more than more difficult task and adults tend to rely on other mechanisms such as conundrum solving skills, reasoning, and deductive instruction to learn a language.Evidence of the CP is for example abused children, who despite cosmos removed from the environment where they were deprived of social contact, were not able to learn the language. There have been man y criticisms to Chomskys UG, for example, the LAD cannot be located and is immeasurable. Also, Chomskys theories overlook the effects of social contact and the environment on language learning. Social interactionist Vygotsky (1978) was a strong proponent of the social interaction hypothesis. He believed that learning takes place through social interaction, and give and take of information with caregivers, parents, or peers.According toVygotsky, children begin with outer speech, which could consist of one word only, but have the meaning of a whole sentence. Gradually, as the child grows older, he develops more complex and longer sentences and associates more meaning with his words.A child also engages in private speech (similar to adults), which is usually meant for problem solving or thinking out loud, but is not meant for sharing although articulated. Vygotsky believes that as the child develops more linguistic skills, this private speech becomes internalized and turns into inner speech, which is pure meaning, and does not consist of subjects it is predicated.On the contrary, Piaget (1955) believed that inner speech simply disappears. Vygotsky also proposes the Zone of Proximal maturation (ZPD), which is the standoffishness between what a child can do without help, and what he can do when scaffolding or support is provided. When a child receives the right scaffolding, he will eventually be able to perform the task on his own. __________________________________________ Karen Innatism Noam Chomsky (1959) introduces Innatism as a rebuttal to B. F. Skinner (1957) and his Behaviorist Theory.In direct impedance to the environment being the active participant in language learning, Chomsky flips behaviorism on its head and presents the learner as having a primary role while environment becomes secondary. Within the Universal Grammar Theory (UG), Noam Chomsky (1959) presents a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that is responsible for the language learning process. Purely biological, language is filtered through the innate LAD that is structured with principles that are unchanging and parameters that vary according to the language being learned.Proofs to support this theory are many. Syntax and the head-first/head-last parameter are two such proofs. As a child learns language, they shield to one of only two possibilities in any given language head-first and head-last and language is formed through recursion and syntactic movement that follow a pattern within a particular language. This shows that language is rule-governed and that the LAD is programmed with language foundations from which a child can develop. That children are resistant to correction follows this same thought as they develop language through the LAD.Language is not linked to intelligence as we see in brain damaged adults who are completely coherent in language skills and others who are cognitively normal but cannot speak correctly. Stroke victims also show that, depending on the area of the brain that is affected, intelligence and speech are not linked. Brocas and Wernickes Aphasias show that certain areas of the brain affect speech while intelligence remains unaffected. As evidenced by the Gopnik family, genetic impairments have also proven that a glitch in the UG can be passed down from one generation to another, thus proving that the LAD is indeed biological (Jackendoff, 113).Eric Lennebergs Critical Period Hypothesis (1967) and the cases of wild children are yet foster evidence. Lenneberg holds that the LAD becomes dormant or ineffective after a certain age around the age of 12 and this is why children acquire language so much more quickly than adults who are attempting the same. through these studies of particular children who did not learn language and who were void of contact with language as a whole, it shows that the young the child, the more fully they were able to learn language. Once a child was passed the age of 12 or so, they were unable to acquire proper language skills.The younger children were not only able to learn more adequately but then went on to continue in the language learning process as a normal adult would. As many proofs as there are for Chomskys UG and the LAD, criticisms are plentiful as well. First and foremost, where is the evidence that a device like LAD exists? It certainly has not been located in the brain, therefore, it remains immeasurable and some have serious doubt as to its legitimacy. This theory also limits the role of the environment and gives no account for the social context of the language learning process.It idealizes the utterer and the grammar itself to a certain degree and packages the entire process a bit too neatly. Cognitive Development Theory Jean Piagets (1955) work in cognitive development is foundational on many levels. ceremony his own children, nature, and certain study groups of young children, Piaget introduces a theory that is completely developmental. As a ch ild is hit and developed (both biologically and cognitively), they are able to assimilate, accommodate and adapt new experiences. Underlying in this theory is reasoning and logic.The role of the environment is minimal and the learner is vital but only as they are cognitively developed and ready for new experiences. A child will not learn what they are not cognitively developed to receive at that point no matter what the instruction. Piaget holds to the design of children developing schema. As a new experience is received and they are biologically and cognitively ready to receive it, they will develop new schema to fit into the framework of schema that they already have developed. This theory also relies heavily on egocentric and socialized speech with each one dower a different function.Egocentric speech is what is used (mainly by children) when words and thoughts are spoken out loud but the one speaking is only dealing with their own thoughts and ideas. Socialized speech is a sh ift away from egocentric speech where one simply derives pleasure from speaking to being a way of exchanging their ideas or opinions. Although Piagets work and theory is critical, it neither accounts for the childs behavior as a whole nor for the cognitive development after the stage of formal operation is reached. It offers vast penetration into the developmental process of a child but little instruction on attaining language skills.It was also based solely on a Western model and is therefore quite limiting. SECOND phraseology ACQUISITION Input & Output Hypotheses As a result of older models of language teaching where attention was given to language grammar, Krashen (1981) places his focus on communication input. He contends that if the learner is given a endangerment to absorb the language, they will be better equipped to acquire it. Rather than forcing output immediately, Krashen holds to a motionless period where learners have the privilege of just listening to language bef ore attempting itmuch like a young child would in learning their mother tongue.Comprehensible input (i + 1) is the formula that Krashen holds to for optimal language learning for second language learners (SLLs). This states that if a SLL is offered input that is only slightly beyond what they already know, acquisition will take place. He also makes a differentiation between language learning and language acquisition, claiming that acquisition is what is needed for the language learning process. Criticisms of Krashens hypothesis are that input alone cannot account for acquisition and that some grammatical forms cannot be learned without being taught.Swain (1985) introduces her Output Hypothesis in contrast to Krashen and claims that no matter the input, if the output is unintelligible, acquisition has not truly occurred. It is the output that forces learners to grapple with the grammatical processing and figure out what works. Through output, a learner can realize their problem areas , can experiment with new areas they are unsure of, and gives them the chance to analyze problems they are having in their language learning process.CONCLUSIONAs we can see in first and second language acquisition, there is not simply one way to which theorists hold in the process of learning or acquiring language. In looking at how one acquires their mother tongue, however, insights can be made into second language acquisition as well. In fact, it is through first language acquisition theories that other theories can spring from to jab into how second language acquisition occurs. These insights become helpful in the classroom and give the teacher foundational aspects that they can build off of. Pass 7. 5. -8. 5 (David)

Child Marriage in India

To be defined at length in a later section, boor join is most simply, for our purposes, a marri develop in which the wife is below the age of eighteen at the time of consummation. The apply of peasant wedding party in campestral India is deeply rooted in heathenish evaluates and grounded in social structures. And despite laws that prohibit nipper marriage, the practice is still extremely frequent in many regions. Though the statistics atomic human body 18 contentious, it is estimated that in some parts of India, like the state of Rajasthan, nearly 80 sh be of the marriages be among girls under the age of fifteen (Gupta, 2005, p. ). In India overall, roughly 47. 6 percent of girls atomic number 18 espouse by the age of eighteen (The implications of early marriage, 2004).Despite international human rights efforts, the annihilation of chela marriage is greatly hindered by the intertwined social issues that oftentimes lead to and are then in turn reinforced by the practice. Various underlying social factors inform why child marriage exists, including traditional gender norms the value of virginity and parental concerns surrounding premarital sexual practice pressure of marriage proceeding (or dowries) and poverty (Amin, Chong, & Haberland, 2007).The social outcomes of child marriage are also signifi nookiet, and often devastate communities in which these practices aim place. Societies in which child marriage takes place have risqueer rates of early childbearing, unwanted pregnancies, paternal and infant mortality, sexually transmitted diseases (including human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS) and unsafe abortions.Additionally, adolescent girls placed in child marriages are often deprived of basic health care and health information, and achieve extremely low educational attainment (Mathur, Greene, & Malhotra, 2003, p. 11 Bruce, 2007 Amin, Chong, & Haberland, 2007). Apart from these health and societal consequences, such marriages also affect g irls individual get wind as social actors. Early marriage negatively affects girls social ne iirks, decision-making power, and ability to negotiate with partnersall of which do influence the health and well being of the individual (Bruce, 2007). In many ways, the social issues that emerge from the practice of child marriage also serve to reinforce itcreating a vicious cycle.This cyclical pattern is mediocre one(a) reason why the practice has yet to be eradicated despite international pressure and sound interventions. Each of the line of works that informs child marriage intersects in complex ways and the result is an incessant and engrossing conundrum that impacts all aspects of the social worlds in which it takes place, from the well-being of the individual girls to the economic, political, and cultural structures of general Indian society. What is most pressing near child marriages in India, however, is the relationship among child marriage and the increasingly severe Indi an human immunodeficiency virus epidemic.The rates of HIV in India are a topic of great debate between the Indian presidency and both Indian and International NGOs. Yet, at that place is a consensus that HIV, once an urban phenomenon in India that was primarily transmitted within tough populations is now gaining momentum in rural areas (Fears Over India, 2005). These trends are alarming and suggest that the cultural contexts in which these HIV rates are climbing need to be addressed.Additionally, recent research has found links between HIV and early marriage in communities crossways the globe. The studyity of sexually active girls age 15-19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls extend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers (The implications of early marriage, 2004, p. 1 Clark, Bruce, & Dude, 2006, p. 79). HIV/AIDS in India The Indian HIV/AIDS epidemic is relatively new, and, once limited to high-risk urban populations, HIV is rapidly emerging as a problem for general communities within Indian society (Fears Over India, 2005).HIV/AIDS is becoming widespread, and as it reaches new populations, it poses new problems. As child marriage is fundamentally a rural phenomenon in India, the particular plight of HIV in rural areas must be contended. Issues like how to educate and provide treatment for people in despicable, rural areas are emerging, and new cultural pockets of Indian society must be understood in order to to a greater extent effectively implement these programs. Though contentious, recent figures estimate that roughly 2-3. 6 million people in India are infected with HIV.This places India third worldwide for the numerate of HIV cases within a country. Overall, 0. 36% of Indias population is living with HIV. While this may seem low, given the vast population of India, the actual number of people who are HIV-positive is remarkably high (Overview of HIV/AIDS, 2008). And in Rajast han, the largely rural state in which the project give be conducted, it is believed that there is a prevalence of nearly 5%extremely high for India (AIDS in India, n/d). Many who work in the health sector claim that they are witnessing a rapid rise in infections to new populations.Sujatha Rao, director-general of the governments National AIDS swan Organisation, says doctors are increasingly seeing women infected by their preserves, a population typically not targeted by reproductive health programs (Vast Distances a Barrier, 2008 Santhya & Jejeebhoy, Early married couple, 2007). There is also evidence that knowledge of HIV is extremely low in the rural areas where the study will be conducted, particularly among women. The National Family health Survey reports that precisely 19% of ever-married rural Rajasthani women olden 15-49 had ever heard of AIDS, compared to 65% of their male counterpart. divagation from the gender discrepancy of knowledge across India, however, a rural/ urban dichotomy was especially pronounce among women (2005-2006 National Family-Rajasthan 2005-2006 National Family-India). This lack of knowledge unsurprisingly also appears to influence behavior. Among currently married rural women, aged 15-49, simply 38% purposed any modern method of family planning, compared to 55. 8% of their urban counterparts. More importantly, only 3. 1% of married rural women have used a condom (the only method in the analysis that would protect against HIV), compared to 13. 3% of urban married women.Furthermore, only 14. % of ever-married rural women (ages 15-49) knew that consistent condom use can reduce the changes of HIV/AIDS, in comparison to 61. 6% of their urban counterparts (2005-2006 National Family-Rajasthan 2005-2006 National Family-India). A recent New York quantify article reports that the rural problem of HIV is made more pronounced by the difficulties that HIV-positive people in rural communities face when attempting to get tested and tre ated. Many patients travel desire distances each month to receive government-sponsored antiretrovirals, but the cost and time required for such a journey is difficult for many to achieve.In consequence, many patients simply give up on treatment, an anathema in HIV therapy as it gives rise to medicine resistance. One doctor notes, Travel can affect drug compliance. Patients who dont get family support, women who may not like to travel along will full give up (Vast Distances a Barrier, 2008). electric shaver Marriage For the purposes of our handling, child marriage is identified as a marriage that takes place earlier exact age 18a exposition adhered to by UNICEF and other international organizations (Bruce, 2007).This definition is at odds with the definition provided by Indias recent legal profession of Child Marriage tone, which states that a child is a person who, if a male, has not completed twenty-one historic period of age, and if a female, has not complete eighteen y ears of age (The Prevention of Child Marriage Bill, 2004). While this discrepancy will be analyzed further below, given that eighteen is largely considered the age of consent, it is this standard to which our definition will be held. It should be noted that the betrothal of a marriage can happen at any time, and often will occur at birth.But that marriage is not defined as a child marriage unless the wife is given to her spousal family, and the marriage is consummated, before she reaches the age of eighteen. Furthermore, as most child marriages take place among girls who are minors, with male partners who are of age, whenever the marge child marriage is used in this project, it is referring to a marriage that involves a female child. Child marriage has not been ignored by Indian or international policymakers, yet enforcement of these laws has been virtually impossible.The Indian government is often portrayed as uncomfortable when dealing with personal laws within distinct communiti es that are not derived from grassroots movements (Burns, 1998 Yadav, 2006, p. 7). Despite this, laws have been on the books for over a decade. In 1994, a Marriage Bill was introduced which recommendedthe enactment of a uniform law relating to marriages and provided for the compulsory registration of marriages, with the aim of preventing child marriages and also polygamy in society. Yet, this law did not pass and in Rajasthan, to this day, there is no compulsory marriage registration (Yadav, 2006, p. 0).This jurisprudence has been preceded by various attempts to limit the practice and legislate the age at which girls are married. In the 1880s, discussions of the outset Age of Consent Bill began, and finally, in 1927, it was declared that marriages with a girl under twelve would be invalid. In 1929, India began to prohibit the practice of all child marriage by instituting the Child Marriage prohibition Act. In 1978, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was amended to prescribe eighte en and twenty-one years as the age of marriage for a girl and boy respectively (Yadav, 2006, p. 7).Due to the illegality of child marriage, the number of girls who are put into child marriage in Rajasthan is extremely difficult to know. And particularly due to differing definition employed by researches, no consensus yet exists among those who have tried to obtain a number. Researchers claim that, in Rajasthan, the number of girls married off before age eighteen is somewhere between 55. 5% and 80% and other researchers estimate that roughly 56% of Rajasthani marriages occur with girls under the age of fifteen (Yadav, 2006, pl. 10 Burns, 1998).Therefore, there is overwhelming evidence that child marriage is occurring in Rajasthan in large numbers, despite the laws against it. Why is child marriage occurring? What social, cultural, and economic contexts inform the persistence of this practice? Some assert that Rajasthani people either do not understand the law or simply ignore it (Yad av, 2006, p. 37). In a New York Times article outlining the practice of child marriage in Rajasthan, it was stated that Each year, formal warnings are post outside state government offices stating that child marriages are illegal, but they have little impact.In a discussion with a village elder in Rajasthan, the elder stated, Of course, we know that marrying children is against the law, but its only a paper law (Burns, 1998). Therefore, he suggests that the law is perceived as unimportant, allowing families to simply ignore it, and often without penalty. Additionally, cultural and social contexts still highly value this practice and Indian families often turn to child marriage to help cope with social conditions in disrepair. To approach this, I will first discuss the gender norms in India. How are women perceived? What are the practical implications of these norms?Secondly, I will discuss the value placed on virginity and understandings of premarital sex. Thirdly, I will discuss th e economic factors that continue to promote the practice. And finally, I will briefly discuss the major consequences of child marriage, which will move us into a discussion of the links between child marriage and HIV. Child marriage is deeply embedded in ideals round the spot of women and the status of girls in Indian culture (Gupta, 2005, p. 3). Understandings of the Indian family and a wifes role more in general give huge amounts of insight to the status of women.Within the context of a patrilocal family ideology, girls are reared to be obedient, selfsacrificing, modest, nurturant, hardworking and home loving. In an interview with Seymour in the 1960s, one Indian gentleman express, American girls are given too much independence. A girl should marry young, before she has the regain to develop independent ideals. By marrying girls young (and enhancing the disparity between her and her husbands age), the male-based hierarchy is stovepipe preserved (Seymour, 1999, p. 55). Male s are quite simply valued more in Indian families.They act as the head of the menage, the breadwinners and the decision makers. These values are imbued from an early age and as the transition to adulthood is mark with marriage, these gender norms become particularly pronounced (Segal, 1999, p. 216 Gupta, 2005, p. 1 Yadav, 2006, p. 1 Seymour, 1999, p. 97). A womans direct role in the home is to produce sons, as this will bring pay back to her family, and an heir for her husband. In a society that stresses patrilineal descent, to bear children, especially sons, is critical, and girls learn from an early age that this is their responsibility (Seymour, 1999, p. 7).gestation is additionally critical in order to establish the wife as a member of her husbands family. As Indian families take collective care of children, producing a new family member is severely prized and brings the newlywed status (Seymour, 1999, p. 99). How do women feel about their status and role in society? Seymou r writes that, Women are the moving pieces in an exchange system that creates extensive webs of kinship. Is this a hardship for them? Yes, for they must leave the shelter of their own family and join a different family. Do they find it oppressive?Sometimes, but not generally (Seymour, 1999, p. xvi). Though others argue that cultural dictation of female role and lack of continued financial and emotional support, predominantly from spouses and other family members, were influential factors in high rates of depression among women (Jambunathan, 1992). The low value of girls is also reflected in traditions of female infanticide and abortions of female children and research that shows that women are by and large neglected by Indian society, resulting in poor health care and a high number of preventable deaths (Miller, 1981, p. 8 Segal, 1999, p. 218-220).In one survey, 52% of Indians said that they would get a prenatal diagnosis to select a male, as unlike to 30% who would in Brazil, 29 % in Greece and 20% in Turkey (Segal, 1999, p. 219). These patterns have resulted in a worsening sex ratio in Rajasthan. It is estimated that between 750 to 850 girls are born per 1000 boys, a problem that not only reinforces these negative ideals about gender, but also could potentially be devastating to the length of service of Indian communities (Indian Census, 2001 Kristof, 1991).An Indian obstetrician interviewed for The Hindu stated that these days, it is extremely rare to see a family with two filles, and some families do not even have one. In communities like Rajasthan, people want to crap they are modern and that they do not discriminate between a girl and a boy. Yet, they will not hesitate to quietly go to the next village and get an ultrasound done (Thapar, 2007). And in a statement by UNICEF, the organization says that for most of the female fetuses that survive, birth is the only equal chance they will ever get (Segal, 1999, p. 20).Additionally, child marriage is gre atly informed by ideals of virginitya cultural notion that has huge impacts on the intersections between HIV/AIDS and child marriage. An unmarried, chaste girl symbolizes family honor and purity and is considered a sacred gift to bestow upon another family (Seymour, 1999, p. 55). To exacerbate the outcome of these ideals, myths supposedly burst that men can be cured of various diseases, including gonorrhea, mental illness, syphilis and HIV by having sex with a fresh girl, a virgin. Bhat, Send, & Pradhan, 2005, p. 17 Burns, 1998) But as much as cultural ideals are echoed in the practice, tradition has been reinforced by necessity (Burns, 1998). Poverty is often cited as one of the major factors contributing to child marriage (Bhat, Sen, & Pradhan, 2005, p. 15). Child marriage is more prevalent in poor household and in poor communities. Almost all countries in which more than 50 percent of girls are married before the age of 18 have GDP per capita under $2000 per year (Gupta, 2005, p . 3).For families in poverty, marrying a daughter early can mean lower dowry payments and one less mouth to feed (Bhat, Sen, & Pradhan, 2005, p. 16). An coronation in girls is seen as a lost investment because the girl leaves to join another home and her economic contributions are to that homeso the earlier she is married, the less of a loss the investment (Gupta, 2005, p. 3).What is devastating about the child marriage problem, beyond the human rights abuses, is the way in which it impacts both the individual and the community and the fashion in which the practice reinforces itself. Impoverished parents often believe that child marriage will protect their daughters. In fact, however, it results in lost development opportunities, limited life options, and poor health (Child marriage fact sheet, 2005). Child marriage continues to be immersed in a vicious cycle of poverty, low educational attainment, high incidences of disease, poor sex ratios, the subordination of women, and most s ignificantly, the inter-generational cycles of all of these (Bhat, Sen, & Pradhan, 2005, p. 21 Gupta, p. 1-2).

T: String Quartet in G Major, K. 80, III (Menuetto)

Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart (1756-1791) was wholeness of the or so influential composers of the classical era. He was already proficient on violin and piano by grow 5, which is the same age in which he began composing. In 1770, when Mozart was 14 years old, he composed pull Quartet in G Major, K. 80. The string quartet has 4 movements Adagio, fast, Menuetto, and Rondeao Allegro. The third movement, Menuetto, begins in the key of G major, but modulates to D major on beat one of throwaway 12. It then modulates back to G major on beat one of measure 16. When audition to a recording of the movement, it is hard to hear the modulation because Mozart snuck in the C sharps so smoothly.Mozart uses non-harmonic tones in the start-off violin, second violin, genus Viola, and cello parts. In measure three, the violin has a neighboring tone and an appoggiatura. The violin overly has escape tones throughout the piece. -3 and 6-5 suspensions occur in measures 4 and 24 in the first violin and vi ola parts. Throughout the movement, there be passing tones and neighboring tones in the second violin, viola, and cello parts. There are also many 6/4 chords, including passing 6/4 chords in measures 3, 11, 12, and 14. This movement has deuce sections A and B. However, A occurs again at the end of the movement. The first section, A, occurs in the measures 1 through 8, and has cardinal parts a and b. This section is a contrasting period, because there is a half cadence on measure 4, a perfect authentic cadence on measure 8, and the entire section repeats. The coterminous section, B, occurs in measures 9-20, and has three parts a, b, and c. There is a perfect authentic cadence at measure 16, and a half cadence at measure 20. Section A occurs again from measures 21-28. There is a half cadence at measure 24 and a perfect authentic cadence at measure 28. The entire movement is in sectional rounded binary form.

Dashboard Analysis and Nursing Plan for Pain Response Essay

In information technology, a facia is a user port that, somewhat resembles an automobiles dashboard, organizing and presenting information in a way that is easy to read. healthc be dashboards be designed to show the performance of key activities that directly or indirectly impact persevering satisfaction, much(prenominal) as length of stay and lab test turnaround. This paper will take at reflection at pain response and breakdown why it is important and ways to improve it. Analysis of the entropyIn 1998, the National Database of Nursing feel Indicators (NDNQI) was established by The American Nurses Association (ANA) so that the ANA could abide to collect and build on data obtained to ensure a better outcome for patients (Montalvo, 2007). The sample dashboard for the purpose of this paper, showed a decline in response to pain in 3 out of the 4 quarters surveyed. Despite the availability of analgesics, particularly opioids, and national guidelines to manage pain, the incidence of postoperative pain has remained permanent over the past decade. Thus, acute pain associated with surgical and diagnostic procedures is a common occurrence in U.S. hospitals and remains inadequately managed for many patients (Hughes, 2008). Nursing PlanTo many times nurses dont by ripe(p)s medicate patients, due to patients not correctly reporting their pain, or staff members commenting on how often they are requesting pain meds. In 1968, Margo McCaffery defined pain as whatever the person experiencing says it is, and occurring when the person says it does. (Martin, Kelly, & Roosa, 2012). Inadequate care of pain and other symptoms not only decreases the quality of life it also creates a financial core on the health care system and on our society. Unrelieved pain costs millions of dollars annually as a result of longerhospital stays, re-hospitalizations, and visits to outpatient clinics and emergency rooms (Berry & Dahl, 2000). On January 1, 2001, pain management standards we nt into execution for Joint Commission accredited ambulatory care facilities, behavioral health care organizations, critical rise to power hospitals, home care providers, hospitals, office-based surgery practices, and long term care providers (The Joint Commission, 2014). The standards require the nurses to recognize the right of patients to appropriate assessment and management of pain, to screen patients for pain during their initial assessment and, when clinically required, during ongoing, periodic re-assessments, and train patients suffering from pain and their families virtually pain management.A proper assessment needs to be ideal upon admission, and the physician needs to be contacted to ensure proper pain management is in effect. There are several different pain eggshells to be used based on the patients sleeplessness and cognitive ability. The 0-10 Numeric Scale is the most widely used scale for patients who are alert and oriented. Wong-Baker FACES scale is used more with younger pediatric patients or mentally challenged. The FLACC scale is used for patients who cant verbally or visually report their pain level. one time a patient has been assessed and proper discussion has been established, follow up is very important to maintain a proper level of pain control. It is the nurses duty to return to ask the patient how their pain is after intervention has been given. Typically if pain medication was administered you should valuate 30 minutes after IV medication and 60 minutes after oral medication. fag outt take it for granted if the patient is resting, some patients dont physically show signs of pain.Once the patient is ready for discharge, proper education about pain control needs to be instructed to the patient and family member. Explanations of why its important to continue the pain meds at home, medications to avoid while taking them, and office effects that may occur. If NDNQI results continue to decline in future reports, re-education of current staff should be performed. suffering management has often been referred to as the 5th vital sign, nurses and care for assistants should be instructed to ask/assess about pain when taking vitals. Frequent chart audits should be conducted to ensure proper charting and pain interventions are occurring. ache management starts with educating the staff on the proper assessments and following through on interventionsimplemented. SummaryIn conclusion, for patients to score a better experience with their hospital stay, proper pain management needs to occur. With the correct penchant and training of staff to the different pain scales used, frequency of patients being asked about pain, and proper interventions being implemented, nursing scores for response to pain should increase.ReferencesBerry, P, PhD, RN, CRNH, CS, & Dahl, J, PhD. (2000). The new JCAHO pain standards Implications for pain management nurses. Pain Management Nursing, Vol 1(Issue 1), 3-12. Retrieved from http// www.painmanagementnursing.org/ denomination/S1524-9042(00)04110-2/abstract Hughes, R. (2008). Patient safety and quality An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Martin, L., Kelly, M., & Roosa, K. (2012). Multidisciplinary approach to improving pain management. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly,35(3), 268-271. Montalvo, I., (September 30, 2007) The National Database of Nursing Quality IndicatorsTM (NDNQI) OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 12 No. 3, Manuscript 2. The Joint Commission. (2014, February 4). Retrieved September 21, 2014.